I am a Professor of Philosophy at Cornell University. I was previously a Professor of Philosophy at CUNY. My primary research interests are in the history of ethics and political thought. While much of my work has been on Spinoza, I have also written about Hobbes, Grotius, and Hume among others, and I am beginning work on Émilie du Châtelet. In addition to the history of philosophy, I have also written about empathy, humility, and the psychology of tolerance, and I am currently working on a manuscript that puts Spinoza in conversation with contemporary theories of belief-formation, emotion, motivation, and agency.

I have published two books…

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