I am a Professor of Philosophy at the City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate Center and Brooklyn College. My primary research interests are in the history of ethics and political thought. While much of my work has been on Spinoza, I have also written about Hobbes, Grotius, and Hume among others, and I am beginning work on Émilie du Châtelet. In addition to the history of philosophy, I have also written about empathy, humility, and the psychology of tolerance, and I am currently working on a manuscript that puts Spinoza in conversation with contemporary theories of belief-formation, emotion, motivation, and agency.

I have published two …

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