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30Immigration, Citizenship, and Consent: What is Wrong with Permanent Alienage?Journal of Political Philosophy 25 (1): 91-107. 2017.
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313Freedom and VirusesEthics 132 (4): 817-850. 2022.A common argument against lockdowns is that they restrict freedom. On this view, lockdowns might be effective in protecting public health, but their impact on freedom is purely negative. This article challenges that view. It argues that while lockdowns restrict freedom, so too do viruses. Since viruses restrict freedom and lockdowns protect us from viruses, lockdowns can protect us from the harmful effects that viruses have on freedom. The problem we face is not necessarily freedom versus public…Read more
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35Immigration and Equal Ownership of the EarthRatio Juris 30 (2): 144-157. 2017.A number of philosophers argue that the earth's resources belong to everyone equally. Suppose this is true. Does this entail that people have a right to migrate across borders? This article considers two models of egalitarian ownership and assesses their implications for immigration policy. The first is Equal Division, under which each person is granted an equal share of the value of the earth's natural resources. The second is Common Ownership, under which every person has the right to use the …Read more
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28Border RescueIn David Miller & Christine Straehle (eds.), The Political Philosophy of Refuge, Cambridge University Press. pp. 78-97. 2019.Every year, thousands of refugees and other migrants die trying to cross borders. The dangers are many. Migrants die from exhaustion crossing deserts, freeze to death on mountain passes, drown at sea. One way states can save lives is by undertaking search and rescue missions. This chapter asks whether receiving states have any special duty to do so. The idea of a “special duty” here can be brought out with the following question: do receiving states owe a duty to rescue migrants at borders that …Read more
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137Killing and Rescuing: Why Necessity Must Be RethoughtPhilosophical Review 129 (3): 433-463. 2020.This article addresses a previously overlooked problem in the ethics of defensive killing. Everyone agrees that defensive killing can only be justified when it is necessary. But necessary for what? That seemingly simple question turns out to be surprisingly difficult to answer. Imagine Attacker is trying to kill Victim, and the only way one could save Victim is by killing Attacker. It would seem that, in such a case, killing is necessary. But now suppose there is some other innocent person, suff…Read more
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77Refugee Discrimination – The Good, the Bad, and the PragmaticJournal of Applied Philosophy 37 (5): 695-712. 2020.This article addresses three questions. To what extent does the current refugee regime discriminate among refugees? When is such discrimination wrong? Could discrimination ever be justified pragmatically, for the sake of admitting more refugees given political constraints? In answer to the first question, it finds discrimination is rampant. There is the kind of discrimination that gets noticed: discrimination that states choose to enact within the refugee regime. But there is also a kind of disc…Read more
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446War and povertyPhilosophical Studies 176 (1): 197-217. 2019.Because the poorest people tend to die from easily preventable diseases, addressing poverty is a relatively cheap way to save lives. War, by contrast, is extremely expensive. This article argues that, since states that wage war could alleviate poverty instead, poverty can render war unjust. Two just war theory conditions prove relevant: proportionality and last resort. Proportionality requires that war does not yield excessive costs in relation to the benefits. Standardly, just war theorists cou…Read more
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42Emigration in a Time of Cholera : Freedom, Brain Drain, and Human RightsLaw, Ethics and Philosophy 4 87-108. 2016.A number of philosophers argue that the earth’s resources belong to every- one equally. Suppose this is true. Does this entail that people have a right to migrate across borders? This article considers two models of egalitarian ownership and assesses their implications for immigration policy. The first is Equal Division, under which each person is granted an equal share of the value of the earth’s natural resources. The second is Common Ownership, under which every person has the right to use th…Read more
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2861Immigration as a human rightIn Sarah Fine & Lea Ypi (eds.), Migration in Political Theory: The Ethics of Movement and Membership, Oxford University Press Uk. pp. 32-56. 2016.This chapter argues that people have a human right to immigrate to other states. People have essential interests in being able to make important personal decisions and engage in politics without state restrictions on the options available to them. It is these interests that other human rights, such as the human rights to internal freedom of movement, expression and association, protect. The human right to immigrate is not absolute. Like other human freedom rights , it can be restricted in certai…Read more
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11049Can Brain Drain Justify Immigration Restrictions?Ethics 123 (1): 427-455. 2012.This article considers one seemingly compelling justification for immigration restrictions: that they help restrict the brain drain of skilled workers from poor states. For some poor states, brain drain is a severe problem, sapping their ability to provide basic services. Yet this article finds that justifying immigration restrictions on brain drain grounds is far from straightforward. For restrictions to be justified, a series of demanding conditions must be fulfilled. Brain drain does provide …Read more
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44Immigration and Equal Ownership of the EarthRatio Juris 29 (2): 144-157. 2016.A number of philosophers argue that the earth's resources belong to everyone equally. Suppose this is true. Does this entail that people have a right to migrate across borders? This article considers two models of egalitarian ownership and assesses their implications for immigration policy. The first is Equal Division, under which each person is granted an equal share of the value of the earth's natural resources. The second is Common Ownership, under which every person has the right to use the …Read more
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63The Myth of the Optional War: Why States Are Required to Wage the Wars They Are Permitted to WagePhilosophy and Public Affairs 43 (4): 255-286. 2015.An “optional war” is a war that a state is permitted but not required to wage. Are there any such wars? This article assesses the two most promising arguments for optional war. (1) Permissible humanitarian wars can be so costly for soldiers and taxpayers that states are not be required them. (2) Wars of national self-defense can be discretionary: states can sometimes choose whether or not to defend themselves. The article refutes both arguments. Pace (1), states should not wage wars when the co…Read more
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171Poverty and Immigration PolicyAmerican Political Science Review 109 (02): 239-251. 2015.What are the ethical implications of global poverty for immigration policy? This article finds substantial evidence that migration is effective at reducing poverty. There is every indication that the adoption of a fairly open immigration policy by rich countries, coupled with selective use of immigration restrictions in cases of deleterious brain drain, could be of significant assistance to people living in poor countries. Empirically there is nothing wrong with using immigration policy to addre…Read more
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79Immigration, Citizenship, and Consent: What is Wrong with Permanent Alienage?Journal of Political Philosophy 24 (4): 91-107. 2016.
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140Beyond Sectarianism? On David Miller’s Theory of Human RightsRes Publica 19 (3): 275-283. 2013.In his most recent book, National Responsibility and Global Justice, David Miller presents an account of human rights grounded on the idea of basic human needs. Miller argues that his account can overcome what he regards as a central problem for human rights theory: the need to provide a ‘non-sectarian’ justification for human rights, one that does not rely on reasons that people from non-liberal societies should find objectionable. The list of human rights that Miller’s account generates is, ho…Read more
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1343Immigration, Global Poverty and the Right to StayPolitical Studies 59 (2): 253-268. 2011.This article questions the use of immigration as a tool to counter global poverty. It argues that poor people have a human right to stay in their home state, which entitles them to receive development assistance without the necessity of migrating abroad. The article thus rejects a popular view in the philosophical literature on immigration which holds that rich states are free to choose between assisting poor people in their home states and admitting them as immigrants when fulfilling duties to …Read more
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London School of EconomicsDepartment of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific MethodAssociate Professor
Areas of Specialization
1 more
Applied Ethics |
Normative Ethics |
Social and Political Philosophy |
Global Justice |
Freedom of Movement |
Just War Theory |
Areas of Interest
Value Theory |
Meta-Ethics |
Philosophy of Law |