-
339Causal Inferences in Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Research: Challenges and PerspectivesFrontiers in Human Neuroscience 14 574. 2021.Transcranial magnetic stimulation is used to make inferences about relationships between brain areas and their functions because, in contrast to neuroimaging tools, it modulates neuronal activity. The central aim of this article is to critically evaluate to what extent it is possible to draw causal inferences from repetitive TMS data. To that end, we describe the logical limitations of inferences based on rTMS experiments. The presented analysis suggests that rTMS alone does not provide the sort…Read more
-
111Measuring consciousness: Is one measure better than the other?Consciousness and Cognition 19 (4): 1069-1078. 2010.What is the best way of assessing the extent to which people are aware of a stimulus? Here, using a masked visual identification task, we compared three measures of subjective awareness: The Perceptual Awareness Scale , through which participants are asked to rate the clarity of their visual experience; confidence ratings , through which participants express their confidence in their identification decisions, and Post-decision wagering , in which participants place a monetary wager on their deci…Read more
-
93Optimizing subjective measures of consciousnessConsciousness and Cognition 19 (2): 682-684. 2010.Dienes and Seth (2010) conclude that confidence ratings and post-decision wagering are two comparable and recommendable measures of conscious experience. In a recently submitted paper, we have however found that both methods are problematic and seem less suited to measure consciousness than a direct introspective measure. Here, we discuss the methodology and conclusions put forward by Dienes and Seth, and why we think the two experiments end up with so different recommendations.
-
54Measuring consciousness: Task accuracy and awareness as sigmoid functions of stimulus durationConsciousness and Cognition 20 (4): 1659-1675. 2011.When consciousness is examined using subjective ratings, the extent to which processing is conscious or unconscious is often estimated by calculating task performance at the subjective threshold or by calculating the correlation between accuracy and awareness. However, both these methods have certain limitations. In the present article, we propose describing task accuracy and awareness as functions of stimulus intensity as suggested by Koch and Preuschoff . The estimated lag between the curves d…Read more
-
48Partial awareness distinguishes between measuring conscious perception and conscious content: Reply to Dienes and SethConsciousness and Cognition 19 (4): 1081-1083. 2010.In their comment on Sandberg, Timmermans, Overgaard, and Cleeremans , Dienes and Seth argue that increased sensitivity of the Perceptual Awareness Scale is a consequence of the scale being less exclusive rather than more exhaustive. According to Dienes and Seth, this is because PAS may measure some conscious content, though not necessarily relevant conscious content, “If one saw a square but was only aware of seeing a flash of something, then one has not consciously seen a square.” In this reply…Read more
-
34Measuring and testing awareness of emotional face expressionsConsciousness and Cognition 22 (3): 806-809. 2013.Comparison of behavioural measures of consciousness has attracted much attention recently. In a recent article, Szczepanowski et al. conclude that confidence ratings predict accuracy better than both the perceptual awareness scale and post-decision wagering when using stimuli with emotional content . Although we find the study interesting, we disagree with the conclusion that CR is superior to PAS because of two methodological issues. First, the conclusion is not based on a formal test. We perfo…Read more
-
23Comparing theories of consciousness: Object position, not probe modality, reliably influences experience and accuracy in object recognition tasksConsciousness and Cognition 84 102990. 2020.
-
3Kjartan Fløgstad: Etter i saumane. Kultur og politikk i arbeidarklassens hundreårAgora Journal for metafysisk spekulasjon 34 (2-3): 340-351. 2017.
-
Using the perceptual awareness scale (PAS)In Morten Overgaard (ed.), Behavioral Methods in Consciousness Research, Oxford University Press. 2015.