Leandro Oliveira

The Tupi Letters are rare colonial documents that were written in the ancient Tupi language and present the conversation of four important indigenous chiefs of the Potiguara folk, Antonio Felipe Camarao, Diogo Pinheiro Camarao, Pedro Poti and Diogo da Costa, who were captains during the context of Dutch Brazil (1630-1654). This paper analyzed the religious discourse of Camarões and the Costa, which were Catholic, and of Poti, which was Calvinist, in which, through the appeal to faith, they tried to convince each other to defect and join their cause. Such an event occurred during the battles of the Brazilian Restoration War (1645-1654), in which the Portugueses tried again to expel the Dutchmen. The letters reflect not only the war scenario of the time, but mainly the religious mentality of the period, referring to the context of religious wars.

Competitive sports involve physiological, technical and psychological skills, which influence directly on individuals’ performance. This study aims to investigate the levels of perceived stress and Heart Rate Variability before and after matches with victory and defeat in professional eSports athletes. Our hypothesis was that the winners would have better autonomic and stress responses after match, thus corroborating the literature on neurocardiac connections. Fifty male eSport players were selected players from 10 different Brazilian teams. The experiment was carried out in 2 sessions. Firstly, after signing the informed consent form, 24 h before the game, anthropometric, physical activity levels and time of expertise data were recorded only for sample characterization and the players were familiarized with the perceived stress scale—10 and the HRV measurements. Secondly, players performed the PSS-10 and HRV recording at rest by 10 min 60 and 30 min before the game and 10 min after the end of the game. Overall, concerning PSS-10 our findings show that VG had significant reduced scores in post-game time compared to baseline and pre-game times, while DG had significant increased scores in post-game time compared to BL and pre-game times. Regarding HRV, our results demonstrate that VG had significant increase in RR, SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50 and HF, and significant decrease in LF and LF/HF, while DG had a significant decrease in RR, SDNN, rMSSD and HF, and significant increase in LF and LF/HF. It was observed that VG had better HRV responses as well as lower levels of perceived stress, while DG had worst HRV responses and higher levels of perceived stress.