Lenuța-Ioana Grad

This article attempts to make a link between totalitarian political utopias implemented in reality and ethical principles. At the same time, it will discuss two critical concepts at the basis of utopias, namely 'idealization' and 'ideal'. The article will attempt to answer the question "Why is there still sympathy for the communist regime today?". The answer will also be based on the results of an analysis of the chapter "The program of the Romanian Communist Party for the creation of a multilaterally developed socialist society and the advancement of Romania towards communism" published in 1975 in Bucharest by Politica publishing house, which refers to ethical principles and socialist equity.

In this article I set out to highlight the connection between two terms, namely the terms "imaginal" and "imaginary". The analysis of these two terms will be made through the prism of some philosophers from the Middle Ages, especially St. Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas. At the same time, I will emphasize the idea that the imaginary is seen as an utopian unreality that offers rather an illusion and I will try to show that the imaginary world is real, and it exists only as a result of the relationship between itself and the seeker have a special faculty in the family of imagination. Also, the general theme of this article will revolve around angels and the world in which they manifest.

In this article I have looked for answers to a lot of questions raised by such a complex subject as utopia. Not everywhere, but at the origin of the first ideas of the utopic imaginary. Archaeological excavations were carried out through the layers of the Sumerian civilization and the Jews of the Old Testament period. Along the way, I focused on the most relevant texts for the chosen topic. Most of the texts show that these ancient civilizations transmitted their explanations through myths. Regarding the utopic constructions, their texts called forth the perfection and the bliss of the beginnings of the primordial universe. Also, in addition to utopic visions, there were dystopic visions, which I mentioned in this paper.

Political utopia is the design of the best government, of the ideal society. The article aims at a double opening: on the one hand, it offers a selection of the thinkers from Ancient Greece who built ideal societies. On the other hand, as it is well known that utopias are the product of the imaginary, it aims to synthesize how this way of thinking manifested itself in Ancient Greece. In this sense, the main constructions of utopia will be presented through the prism of these thinkers, but with emphasis on Plato's conception of the ideal state. They didn’t want chaos in the city, they wanted to build new cities, more solid, better protected and with stability. Therefore, this article also includes political, social and economic reflections.

In this article we aim to analyse the concept of the ideal sovereign from the perspective of the philosophers Plato and Abu Nasr al-Farabi. This concept can serve as a model for the society in which we live. We will also analyze the thinking process of the two philosophers, who, although coming from different civilizations (West and East), have a general, unifying concept regarding the structure of reality. They developed two political utopias, which differ in their conception about the nature and the origin of the virtue of the ‘ideal sovereign’ concept.