L. I. Liu

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 outbreak, many citizens were asked to stay at home in self-quarantine, which can pose a significant challenge with respect to remaining physically active and maintaining mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of inadequate physical activity, anxiety, and depression and to explore the relationship of physical activity with anxiety and depression symptoms among Chinese college students during quarantine.MethodUsing a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 1,396 Chinese college students. Anxiety and depression were assessed with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and the Self-Rating Depression Scale, respectively. The data on physical activity were collected by types of physical activity and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.ResultsDuring the COVID-19 outbreak, about 52.3% of Chinese college students had inadequate physical activity. The rates of anxiety and depression symptoms were 31.0 and 41.8%, respectively. A high level of physical activity was significantly closely associated with low anxiety, while a moderate, or high level of physical activity was significantly closely associated with reduced depression after adjusting confounding demographic factors. Moreover, specific types of physical activity, such as stretching and resistance training, were negatively correlated with both anxiety and depression; doing household chores was negatively correlated with depression.ConclusionOur findings highlight specific levels and types of home-based physical activities that need to be taken into consideration to protect the mental health of college students during the COVID-19 epidemic.

The brain-computer interface based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy has received more and more attention due to its vast application potential in emotion recognition. However, the relatively insufficient investigation of the feature extraction algorithms limits its use in practice. In this article, to improve the performance of fNIRS-based BCI, we proposed a method named R-CSP-E, which introduces EEG signals when computing fNIRS signals’ features based on transfer learning and ensemble learning theory. In detail, we used the Independent Component Analysis algorithm for the correspondence between the sources of the two signals. We then introduced the EEG signals when computing the spatial filter based on a modified Common Spatial Pattern algorithm. Experimental results on public datasets show that the proposed method in this paper outperforms traditional methods without transfer. In general, the mean classification accuracy can be increased by up to 5%. To our knowledge, it is an innovation that we tried to apply transfer learning between EEG and fNIRS. Our study’s findings not only prove the potential of the transfer learning algorithm in cross-model brain-computer interface, but also offer a new and innovative perspective to research the hybrid brain-computer interface.

This research synthesizes social exchange, organizational culture, and social identity theories to explore the boundary conditions of the relationship between high-performance work systems and employee organizational citizenship behavior. In particular, it draws on the China-specific management context. In this country, in spite of the wide use of a long-term-oriented and loose-control-focused Western-styled strategic human resource management model, a short-term-focused and tight-control-oriented error aversion culture is still popular. The study uses multi-source individual-level survey data in a large state-owned enterprise to test the hypotheses. It is found that employee-experienced, Western-styled high-performance work systems positively impact a China-specific employee’s organizational citizenship behavior, and the—joint—moderation effects of employee-perceived error aversion culture and organizational identification are significant. The research findings deepen the understanding of the HRM-OCB relationship by demonstrating that culture and identity can jointly adjust the effects of HRM on OCB. The findings also challenge an established argument in the HRM-OCB literature that compatibility between employees’ personalities and organizational values – organizational identification – can enhance OCB.

Interpersonal preemptive behavior means that a party undertakes a costly action that inflicts harm to another to remove or disable a potential threat. This present study examined the emotional mechanisms underlying interpersonal preemptive behavior. The findings revealed that in interpersonal interaction situations, individuals experienced higher levels of fear and hope when they perceived the potential threat of the gaming partner and were more likely to initiate preemptive behavior; fear and hope both mediated the relationship between potential threat and preemptive behavior, but they had opposite effects, with fear increasing individuals’ preemptive behavior, while hope decreases individuals’ preemptive behavior. This study has important theoretical implications for a deeper understanding of the causes of interpersonal conflict.

Sometimes, especially in familiar tool use, our intentions concern only distal effects on external objects, not our bodily movements. Yet we still succeed in selecting the appropriate bodily movements. How is this possible? This question relates to the interface problem in the philosophy of mind and action, which asks how intentions and motor representations—each with distinct representational formats—coordinate. Although our question is not its main focus, many proposed solutions to the interface problem imply that bodily movements must be represented in intention in order to be selected. If so, they cannot explain the phenomenon at hand—and thus cannot offer a satisfactory answer to the question of how intentions control the body. I argue that research on the ideomotor principle suggests an alternative route: intentions can give rise to imagery of the effects that bodily movements produce on external objects, and such imagery can in turn trigger the appropriate motor representations. Because this pathway allows representations of distal effects to mediate between intention and motor systems, it better explains how bodily actions are selected even when they are not represented in intentions. While some may object that this account relies on translation processes—often viewed with suspicion—I will argue that this aversion is unfounded and that such processes need not be rejected.

Despite research supporting the efficacy of family therapy for adolescent depression, little research has been done to clarify the therapeutic variables that Chinese families with depressed adolescents consider helpful in family therapy. This study explored Chinese depressed adolescents’ and their parents’ perceptions of the factors promoting improvement in family therapy. Twelve Chinese families with one adolescent child fulfilling the criteria for major depressive disorder were recruited. A total of 134 family therapy sessions were conducted by 4 therapists. After therapy, semi-structured interviews about the clients’ perceptions of the helpful and effective aspects of therapy were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcribed dialogues. Five overarching themes emerged: factors supporting therapeutic alliance formation, the therapist’s systemic attitude, systemic therapy direction, effective systemic therapy techniques and strategies for dealing with current issues. A trustworthy therapy alliance with a competent and supportive therapist helped depressed adolescents improve by facilitating the expression of their emotions; exploring family interactions, beliefs and emotion flows related to their symptoms; promoting their self-development; and activating their resources. The families valued the respectfulness of the therapists and their collaborative and nonauthoritative approach. Adolescents’ academic difficulties and crises received special attention. The possible clinical implementations of our findings in the design of family therapy strategies for depressed Chinese adolescents are discussed.

Major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Olympic Games, and G20 Summit bring about supplier disruption risks and challenges to supply chain management. To help deal with these risks, a virtual dual-sourcing production-inventory system can be deployed. In this paper, we study such a system which consists of a raw material supplier, a manufacturer, and a virtual dual-sourcing contingency supplier. The manufacturer needs to determine the production, procurement, and inventory plan of raw materials. When its supplier is interrupted, the manufacturer may need to adjust the production and inventory plan and work with the contingency supplier. We develop a system dynamics method to simulate the operations in this production-inventory system to identify the approximately optimal order-up-to-level inventory policies. We find that the virtual dual production-inventory strategy can be the optimal contingency policy to deal with supplier dynamic disruption risks. Furthermore, for disruption risk with low frequency and long duration, the manufacturer should increase the safety inventory level before the disruption. Otherwise, it should increase the safety inventory level in every cycle.

With the development of Internet technology and the exchanges between eastern and Western cultures, a multitude of English songs have won increasing popularity among Chinese audiences. Music has no national boundaries, thus happy rhythms and beautiful melodies can be enjoyed by people all over the world. However, due to the limited proficiency in English, some listeners cannot learn the essence of the song - the meaning of the lyrics. Therefore, lyrics translation is particularly necessary. The thesis focuses on lyrics translation in order to promote the audience's aesthetic enjoyment of original English songs, help them better understand the feelings of a song that the songwriter intends to convey, and advance the cultural exchange and mutual learning between China and the West. The thesis does this by conducting a case study of the translation of lyrics of Maroon 5, whose songs have prevailed in China. From the perspective of Skopos Theory, the thesis compares the different versions of the translated lyrics of Maroon 5 on NetEase Music and QQ Music, then sums up the main problems in current translations, such as mistranslation, unreadability and lack of aesthetic beauty, and finally puts forward effective translation steps and strategies to improve the quality of lyrics translation.

Algorithmic bias in recommendation systems poses significant challenges, influencing user experiences and perpetuating societal inequalities. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the origins, impacts, and mitigation strategies of algorithmic bias in recommendation systems. By categorizing bias into data bias, model bias, and feedback loops, this research highlights the multifaceted nature of algorithmic bias and its implications for user behavior, including the formation of filter bubbles, decision-making distortions, and the reinforcement of social inequalities. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating both theoretical analysis and empirical case studies from popular platforms such as Netflix, YouTube, and Amazon. These case studies illustrate the real-world implications of algorithmic bias and demonstrate the effectiveness of various mitigation strategies, including diversity optimization, transparency enhancement, and fairness-aware learning. The findings underscore the importance of a balanced approach that incorporates technical, ethical, and policy-based interventions to promote socially responsible recommendation systems.

The theory of embodied simulation posits that semantic processing related to actions involves the simulation of sensorimotor experiences, similar to action recognition, which also activates the action observation network. Visual and action experiences obtained through vision and proprioception can facilitate the processing of action verbs via this simulation process. However, the differential effects of these two types of action representations on the processing of action verbs remain to be explored. This study uses an action–language priming paradigm and three behavioral experiments to explore how visual and action experiences from different perspectives affect sensorimotor simulation in action verb processing. Experiment 1 studied how action image perspectives (first‐person vs. third‐person) and image‐word congruency affect action verb priming. Experiment 2 examined the role of the action agent in perspective priming. Experiment 3 investigated that motor experience congruency, jointly activated by visual perspective and personal pronouns, influences action verb processing. Experiment 1 showed faster action verb processing with the first‐person perspective (1PP) during prime–target incongruency and non‐mirrored conditions, indicating better action control and prediction, enhancing sensorimotor simulation. Experiment 2 found faster responses with the 1PP during incongruency, with no effect from the action agent on sensorimotor simulation. Experiment 3 showed faster reaction times for prime–target congruency than incongruency, with no effect of perspective congruency. These results show that action verb processing involves simulating sensorimotor experiences from specific perspectives, emphasizing the key role of action experience and offering new evidence for action verb representation theories.

Lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) is a common male sexual dysfunction. Lack of active control for rapid ejaculation brought great distress to sexual harmony, and even fertility. Previous neurophysiology studies revealed an ejaculation-related control mechanism in the brain. However, it remains unclear whether this inhibitory network is altered in LPE patients. The present study investigated the central inhibitory network function of LPE patients by using stop signal task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and resting-state functional connectivity analysis. The results showed no difference in task-related behavioral performance or neural activation during response inhibition between LPE patients and controls. However, LPE patients showed a significantly different correlation pattern between the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and left inferior frontal gyrus activation during successful inhibition, in which a typical negative correlation between SSRT and the activation was completely disappeared in patients. In addition, using the left inferior frontal gyrus as a seed, patients showed weaker functional connectivity between the seed and two areas (left dental nucleus and right frontal pole) compared with controls. These data suggest that LPE patients have an abnormal brain control network, which may contribute to the reduced central control of rapid ejaculation. This study provides new insights into the neural mechanism of LPE involving the central inhibitory network, which may offer an underlying intervention target for future treatment.

Previous studies have revealed the paradoxical nature of unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) and have developed measures for investigating this phenomenon. However, it was not possible to ascertain whether the employees exhibited a low level of ethicality or a high degree of pro-organizational inclination when they made a UPB decision due to the limitations of the binary continuum. This study addresses the aforementioned gap by employing the process dissociation paradigm. The scenarios for process dissociation were carefully compiled and validated (Study 1), and the reliability and validity of the new approach were tested (Study 2). The application of the new approach to independently measure the ethical and organizational dimensions of UPB facilitated the clarification of some mainstream theoretical explanations for UPB (Study 3). The phenomenon of moral disengagement, moral justification, and moral decoupling among employees engaged in UPB is associated with a reduced ethical inclination and an enhanced pro-organizational inclination. Conversely, social exchange and organizational identification of employees involved in UPB are linked to a minorly diminished pro-organizational inclination and enhanced ethical inclination. The new measure offers a resolution to numerous theoretical controversies on UPB and is recommended for future studies. It also provided a useful tool for targeted ethical interventions and training management.

Background Technology, such as alert systems, can foster community engagement in locating missing persons with dementia and minimize potential harm. However, concerns arise about implications of public disclosure of missing individual’s personal information (such as age, photographs, physical descriptions, and medical conditions) within alert systems. Until now, there has been no review of these concerns, particularly in the Canadian context. Our study aimed to explore community members’ perspectives on the ethical and legal concerns associated with the release of personal information in alert systems for missing persons with dementia. Methods Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 participants: people living with dementia, care partners, service providers, first responders, and experts in ethics, policy, and the law from Canada and the United Kingdom. We conducted a thematic analysis of the interview data to inductively explore ethical and legal concerns. Results Our findings identified the following concerns: Balancing safety and privacy, stigmatization, risk of victimization and abuse, and informed consent. There is a challenge of balancing safety with privacy due to the urgency of locating missing persons when sharing personal information publicly. Disclosure of personal information, such as cognitive impairment, can increase the risk of stigmatization, victimization, and abuse for both the missing individuals and their care partners. Unfortunately, conversations about alert systems and consent do not typically occur before someone goes missing, even though people living with dementia have the right to participate in these conversations. Conclusions Alert systems can promote community involvement in locating missing persons with dementia but must balance safety and privacy concerns. Implementation of education and policies would mitigate stigmatization, victimization, and abuse. Early conversations with people living with dementia and their care partners to understand their preferences, along with an advance consent process, can help address consent concerns. Our framework, which emphasizes ethical and legal considerations, can guide policy, practice, and decision-making to support the autonomy of people living with dementia. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

Lederman makes a distinction between the _ben ti_ 本體 (“original natural condition”) of knowledge and action and the _gong fu_ 工夫 (“training”) of knowledge and action, associating “unity” with _ben ti_ and “joint advancement” with _gong fu_. This essay argues that both “unity” and “joint advancement” are used to describe the _ben ti_ of knowledge and action, and W ang Yangming 王陽明 emphasizes the unity of the _ben ti_ and _gong fu_ of knowledge and action. Yangming’s doctrine of the _ben ti_ of knowledge and action is ultimately for practical potency and should not be reduced to a theoretical philosophy of the truth about knowledge and action. Yangming’s philosophy is for genuine knowledge of genuine knowledge and action. If Yangming’s philosophy is genuine, it must be characterized by the unity of knowledge and action. In other words, the appropriate methodology to read Yangming must be the unity of knowledge and action.

PurposeThis study investigated the impact of age and myopia on visual form perception among Chinese school-age children.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 1,074 students with a mean age of 12.1 ± 4.7 years. The mean spherical equivalence refraction of the participants was −1.45 ± 2.07 D. All participants underwent distance visual acuity, refraction measurement and local and global visual form perception test including orientation, parallelism, collinearity, holes and color discrimination tasks.ResultsThe reaction times of emmetropes were slower than those of myopic and high myopic groups on both local and global discrimination tasks. A reduction in reaction times was found with increasing age on both local and global discrimination tasks. Age was significantly associated with both local and global visual perception performance after adjusting for gender, visual acuity and SER.ConclusionsThis study revealed that both local and global visual perception improve with age among Chinese children and that myopes seem to have better visual perception than emmetropes.

A series of derivatives of the known thromboxane A2 prostanoid receptor antagonists, 3-sulfonamido)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propanoic acid and 3-sulfonamido)ethyl)phenyl) propanoic acid, were synthesized in which the carboxylic acid functional group was replaced with substituted cyclopentane-1,3-dione bioisosteres. Characterization of these molecules led to the discovery of remarkably potent new analogues, some of which were considerably more active than the corresponding parent carboxylic acid compounds. Depending on the choice of the C2 substituent of the CPD unit, these new derivatives can produce either a reversible or an apparent irreversible inhibition of the human TP receptor. Given the potency and the long-lasting inhibition of TP receptor signaling, these novel antagonists may comprise promising leads for the development of antithromboxane therapies.

© 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase has been shown to play an important role in abscisic acid -induced antioxidant defense and enhance the tolerance of plants to drought stress. However, its downstream molecular events are poorly understood. Here, we identify a NAC transcription factor, ZmNAC84, in maize, which physically interacts with ZmCCaMK in vitro and in vivo. ZmNAC84 displays a partially overlapping expression pattern with ZmCCaMK after ABA treatment, and H2O2 is required for ABA-induced ZmNAC84expression. Functional analysis reveals that ZmNAC84 is essential for ABA-induced antioxidant defense in a ZmCCaMK-dependent manner. Furthermore, ZmCCaMK directly phosphorylates Ser-113 of ZmNAC84 in vitro, and Ser-113 is essential for the ABA-induced stimulation of antioxidant defense by ZmCCaMK. Moreover, overexpression of ZmNAC84 in tobacco can improve drought tolerance and alleviate drought-induced oxidative damage of transgenic plants. These results define a mechanism for ZmCCaMK function in ABA-induced antioxidant defense, where ABA-produced H2O2 first induces expression of ZmCCaMK and ZmNAC84 and activates ZmCCaMK. Subsequently, the activated ZmCCaMK phosphorylates ZmNAC84 at Ser-113, thereby inducing antioxidant defense by activating downstream genes.

© 2016 The Author.Nucleotide sugar transport across Golgi membranes is essential for the luminal biosynthesis of glycan structures. Here we identify GDP-fucose transporter 1, an Arabidopsis nucleotide sugar transporter that translocates GDP-L-fucose into the Golgi lumen. Using proteo-liposome-based transport assays, we show that GFT preferentially transports GDP-L-fucose over other nucleotide sugars in vitro, while GFT1-silenced plants are almost devoid of L-fucose in cell wall-derived xyloglucan and rhamnogalacturonan II. Furthermore, these lines display reduced L-fucose content in N-glycan structures accompanied by severe developmental growth defects. We conclude that GFT1 is the major nucleotide sugar transporter for import of GDP-L-fucose into the Golgi and is required for proper plant growth and development.

In emerging countries such as China where the government is gradually withdrawing from involvement in social affairs, firms face dilemmas around relational risks of partnering with different forms of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Affiliated NGOs (those with close relationships with government) are more likely to sabotage the social partnership through misconduct, and are also capable of higher standards of collaborative social performance compared with independent NGOs (those with few such relationships). This study proposes that firms’ political embeddedness helps mitigate relational risks in cross-sector partner selection, and finds that politically connected firms are more likely to partner with affiliated NGOs than with independent NGOs in China. This effect is more pronounced for private firms that are less socially oriented or are located in regions with less-developed formal institutions and social trust. Our findings highlight relational risks relevant to cross-sector partner selection literature and offer important insights into how relational risks can be reduced in cross-sector partner selection in emerging countries.