Lin Chen

This paper traces how the study on Han Fei moved from marginal scholarship to a self-conscious system of thought. It identifies three stages. First, the Confucian readings that recast Han Fei as a supplement to moral order. Second, the twentieth-century philological and theoretical work that turned scattered materials into a coherent framework. Third, a Legalist-centered turn that emphasizes the logic of “fa” (law), “shu” (administrative technique) and “shi” (positional power). The paper argues that this evolution reflects shifting Confucian–Legalist relations and enables an indigenous construction of Chinese political philosophy grounded in the Hanfeizi’s internal logic. Submission: 24/9/2025 – Decision: 21/10/2025 - Revision: 05/11/2025 – Publication: 15/11/2025.

The question of what determines brain laterality for auditory cognitive processing is unresolved. Here, we demonstrate a swap of hemisphere dominance from right to left during semantic interpretation of Chinese lexical tones in native speakers using simultaneously recorded mismatch negativity response and behavioral reaction time during dichotic listening judgment. The mismatch negativity, which is a brain wave response and indexes auditory processing at an early stage, indicated right hemisphere dominance. In contrast, the behavioral reaction time, which reflects auditory processing at a later stage, indicated a right ear listening advantage, or left hemisphere dominance. The observed swap of hemisphere dominance would not occur when the lexical tone was substituted with a meaningless pure tone. This swap reveals dependence of hemisphere labor division initially on acoustic and then on functional cues of auditory inputs in the processing from sound to meaning.

Literati painting of the Song Dynasty is not only an important art form in the history of the development of Chinese painting, but also a special spiritual expression form of the literati class. This article explores how Song Dynasty literati paintings used symbolic symbols to construct the spiritual realm of literati, expressing their criticism of politics and pursuit of personal freedom, from the perspectives of historical background, philosophical implications, and cultural functions, based on the combination of work analysis and philosophical interpretation, and combined with Confucianism, Taoism, Zen and other ideas. The argument shows that the symbolic symbols in Song Dynasty literati paintings are not only an artistic language, but also a carrier of ideology and cultural identity. They reflect the dual response of the scholar group to political reality and individual spiritual freedom. By exploring this system, the influence of literati painting on traditional thought can be better understood, and a new thinking path can be provided for contemporary art to construct the identity of modern art through symbolic representation.

Most China archaeologists known abroad tend to be male; however, women have long contributed significantly to archaeological practice in China and make up an increasingly larger proportion of archaeology students. This does not mean, of course, that there is a level playing field for men and women. Men more often lead field projects, and research institutions focusing on fieldwork tend to employ considerably more men, while women rarely hold high-level positions. This chapter introduces female pioneers in the field of Chinese archaeology who are internationally hardly recognized, starting with the early forerunners in paleography and then moving on to the first women involved in excavations during the first half of the twentieth century. We then turn to the first generation of university graduates after the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) and end with a discussion of the place of women in the archaeology boom in China since the 1990s. Our focus will be on women in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) actively involved in fieldwork. Additionally, non-PRC-nationals who work with archaeological material from China will receive mention.

A positive connection has been established between personality traits and suicidal ideation. However, the possible mediation of resilience within this association has never been thoroughly discussed. In this study, we aimed to investigate this topic by using population-based cross-sectional survey data of 4,489 Chinese children and adolescents. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from the participants. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were adopted to measure the crude and adjusted associations between personality traits, SI, and resilience. Path analysis was performed to evaluate the mediation of resilience in the association between personality traits and SI. For 4,489 study subjects, the mean age was 13.4 years, ethnic minorities accounted for 71.8%, and over a half were middle school students. The reported prevalence rates for 1-week, 1-year, and lifetime SI were 27.6%, 35.5%, and 56.7%, respectively. Girls reported a significantly higher prevalence of SI than boys. Path analysis results revealed a prominent mediation of resilience; moreover, for different dimensions of personality traits, the proportion of mediation by resilience varied. Our major findings suggest that resilience-based intervention measures could be considered in preventing personality traits related to suicidal risk among youngsters. For children and adolescents, the measuring of personality dimensions may also be helpful in targeting key subpopulations of intervention priority.

European and American scholars on the history of Chinese thought Han's research interests, the most important philosophy of Lao Tzu, times, and similarities and differences between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism problem. Since metaphysics takes the "easy", "old", "village" San Xuan of science-based, while the Northern and Southern Dynasties period of cultural change and more colorful, so the similarities and differences between the three religions of the dispute touches upon "religious," "philosophy" of "political "The intricate nature of the subject among the three, it caused considerable interest to explore the Western sinology. This is the Chinese academic circles in Europe and America, "Metaphysics," the discussion, especially with its on Wang Bi, Ji Kang, Guo Xiang, Seng-chao and others, research-based, slightly elected representative number of articles, a little trial review, to watch his to. The Western Sinological society's interests in Chinese history of thoughts are firstly the philosophy of Lao-zi and secondly the differences and similarities between Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. While Neo-Taoism is mostly based on the doctrines of Yi Jing, Lao-zi and Zhuang-zi, and the culture in the turbulent Wei and Jin Periods is versatile, many complicated issues about "religion," "philosophy," and "politics" involved in the debate about differences and similarities between Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism appeals to the Western Sinological society. In this paper, we will review some of their representative works on Neo-Taoism in the Wei and Jin Periods, with the studies on Wang Bi, Ji Kang, Guo Xiang, and Seng Zhao in particular

Business moral values are defined as the personal moral values held by individuals who are engaged in business interactions. Direct supervisors may play an important role in shaping the business moral values of their subordinates. Using 264 supervisor— subordinate dyadic data from Taiwanese organizations, the study investigated the relationships among supervisor business moral values, subordinate business moral values, subordinate organizational commitment, job performance, and attendance. The results indicated that supervisor business moral values were positively associated with subordinate business moral values, and that the latter mediated the relationship between the former and subordinate outcomes. Implications for business moral values research are discussed

In this paper we define the syntax and semantics of a description logic ALCs which is the Description logic ALC combined with modal supervaluation logic for representing vague knowledge. The modal supervaluation operator which means ‘it is unequivocal that’ obeys the schemas of the logic S5. We introduce several new useful entailments in the new logic. We also present a tableau decision algorithm for ALCs. The tableau decision algorithm is based on a method introduced by Wolter and Zakharyaschev which is an elaborate combination of Wolper's tableau calculus for propositional modal logic, the standard tableau algorithm for ALC, and the method of quasimodels introduced by Wolter and Zakharyaschev. In this paper, the method is extended with Halpern's tableau calculus for propositional modal logic to handle the case of S5