Liu Chang

© 2015 American Association for Cancer Research. Background: In the United States, Korean immigrants experience a disproportionately high burden of chronic hepatitis B viral infection and associated liver cancer compared with the general population.However, despite clear clinical guidelines,HBV serologic testing among Koreans remains persistently suboptimal. Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate a church-based small group intervention to improve HBV testing among Koreans in Los Angeles. Fifty-two Korean churches, stratified by size and location, were randomized to intervention or control conditions. Intervention church participants attended a single-session small-group discussion on liver cancer and HBV testing, and control church participants attended a similar session on physical activity and nutrition. Outcome data consisted of self-reported HBV testing obtained via 6-month telephone follow-up interviews. Results: We recruited 1,123 individuals, 18 to 64 years of age, across the 52 churches. Ninety-two percent of the sample attended the assigned intervention session and 86% completed the 6-month follow-up. Sample characteristics included were as follows: mean age 46 years, 65% female, 97% born in Korea, 69% completed some college, and 43% insured. In an intent-to-treat analysis, the intervention produced a statistically significant effect, with 19% of intervention and 6% of control group participants reporting a HBV test. Conclusion: Our intervention was successful in achieving a large and robust effect in a population at high risk of HBV infection and sequelae. Impact: The intervention was fairly resource efficient and thus has high potential for replication in other high-risk Asian groups.

© 2014 American Association for Cancer Research. Background: First-degree relatives of melanoma survivors have a substantially higher lifetime risk for melanoma than individuals with no family history. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the primary modifiable risk factor for the disease. Reducing UV exposure through sun protection may be particularly important for children with a parental history of melanoma. Nonetheless, limited prior research has investigated sun protection practices and sun exposure among these children. Methods: The California Cancer Registry was used to identify melanoma survivors eligible to participate in a survey to assess their children's sun protection practices and sun exposure. The survey was administered by mail, telephone, or web to Latino and non-Latino white melanoma survivors with at least one child. Results: Sun exposure was high and the rate of sunburn was equivalent to or higher than estimates from average-risk populations. Use of sun protection was suboptimal. Latino children were less likely to wear sunscreen and hats and more likely to wear sunglasses, although these differences disappeared in adjusted analyses. Increasing age of the child was associated with lower sun protection and higher risk for sunburn, whereas higher objective risk for melanoma predicted improved sun protection and a higher risk for sunburns. Perception of high barriers to sun protection was the strongest modifiable correlate of sun protection. Conclusions: Interventions to improve sun protection and reduce sun exposure and sunburns in high-risk children are needed. Impact: Intervening in high-risk populations may help reduce the burden of melanoma in the United States.

© 2015 American Cancer Society. BACKGROUND: Ethnic minorities, especially African Americans and Latinos, bear a disproportionate burden of colorectal cancer, as reflected in incidence, cancer stage, and mortality statistics. In all ethnic groups, first-degree relatives of CRC cases are at an elevated disease risk. However, underuse of CRC screening persists and is particularly evident among minority groups. The current study tested a stepped intervention to increase CRC screening among an ethnically diverse sample of FDRs of CRC cases. METHODS: A statewide cancer registry was used to recruit CRC cases and through them their FDRs. Relatives who were not current on CRC screening were randomized to intervention or usual-care control arms. The stepped intervention consisted of ethnically targeted and individually tailored print materials followed by telephone counseling for those unscreened at 6 months. RESULTS: The study sample of 1280 individuals consisted of 403 Latino, 284 African American, 242 Asian, and 351 white FDRs. Statistically significant effects were observed for the cumulative print plus telephone intervention at 12 months and the print intervention alone at 6 months. The effect of the print intervention alone versus the cumulative interventions was not statistically significantly different. Stratified analyses indicated that the intervention was effective among white, Latino, and Asian individuals, but not among African-Americans. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the intervention was effective in increasing screening rates. Oversampling racial/ethnic minorities allowed for the examination of effects within subgroups, revealing no effect among African American individuals. This finding illustrates the importance of including sufficient numbers of participants from diverse ethnic subgroups in intervention research to enable such stratified analyses. Cancer 2015;121:2951-2959.

Rationalism is the mainstream of Western philosophy. It emphasizes the rational and moral importance of cognitive, including essentialism, foundationalism and moral doctrine and other ingredients. Under the influence of the rationalism, most of the traditional Western philosophers believe that the cognitive and moral aspects, art and philosophy can not be compared, therefore, suppress the formation of a traditional art. But since Nietzsche has been the traditional philosophy itself has become the object of criticism, the aesthetic form of contemporary Western philosophy and turned to self-image changes. The so-called "aesthetic turn" refers not only to suppress artistic philosophy of the stop, but also a philosopher has been willing to admit that the arts in cognition and also has a special contribution to moral philosophy if you deny the contribution of their own truth and the pursuit of good purposes can not be achieved. In addition, it also means recognition of the philosophy itself also has artistic. In this context, the paper also reviewed the relationship between Chinese philosophy and art. Finally, after turning Speaking in aesthetic, art and philosophy should maintain a relationship what is reasonable. Rationalism is the main trend of traditional Western philosophy. It emphasizes the importance of reason for knowledge and morality and its content includes essentialism, foundationalism and moralism. Under the influence of rationalism, art is considered as inferior to philosophy in its contribution to knowledge and morality . Thus a tradition of suppressing art is established. But since Nietzsche, this tradition is itself subject to criticism and the aesthetic turn of contemporary Western philosophy has gradually formed. With the aesthetic turn philosophy's self-image is also transformed. By "aesthetic turn" Ⅰ mean not only the end of suppression, but also philosopher's willingness to admit that art has special contribution to knowledge and morality. Philosophy will not attain the goal of questing for truth and goodness, if it denies the special contribution of art. Besides, it also means that philosophy itself also has artistic quality. With this background knowledge, Ⅰ also discussed the relation between Chinese philosophy and art. In the conclusion, Ⅰ mentioned briefly what the relationship between philosophy and art should be after the aesthetic turn

St. Thomas Aquinas Church, consistent with its strict division of thinking, natural law reflect the overall structure in the human meaning of the law, St. division general idea of natural law and natural law thinking on the theoretical basis and promote Jieyou different. This article from the "Summa Theologica" of the context and purpose according to St. division writing point of view the concept of natural law, St. division, if we by Thomas Aquinas on eternal law, divine law, human understanding of titration perspective of natural law, but also understand the natural law position and class. In addition, from grace on the point of view of natural law, and can even show the transcendent nature of association between the wonderful, grace, law, natural law is the law of freedom and yearning for the development of situation. The main text and cited contemporary Catholic scholars like John Wu, Luo Archbishop, Küng, Maritain and others point of view, to set off Aquinas natural law arguments. Thomas Aquinas and natural law theory, although the ideas are the product of the Middle Ages, but in law, philosophy, theology, church on all of today's great to remind even the role of academia, and St. division of nature - the difference between the supernatural, the In our case, remain valid, in particular, John Wu, Archbishop Law, the position of Christians in Asia they clearly know that the Chinese religion and philosophy of life inside the ethical level, and pointed out the significance of Christ's revelation, in particular, Maritain knowledge of the nature of natural law reminder, make us more humble and seek God's gift of the Holy Spirit, Sophia, so that we receive the natural law of life characteristics of the I, the pursuit of eternal life, eternal law point of view, looking at life. This paper deals with St. Thomas Aquinas 'view of natural law, according to the texts in Summa Theologica the Masterpiece, to analysis St. Thomas' theories of laws. The relationship among eternal law, divine law positive laws and natural law, is the subject of this paper. Beside this, from Christian experience of grace the significant of the interrelations of human nature & supernature is increased. For St. Thomas, the law of grace & freedom is the real end or goal of natural law.Modern Catholic scholars such as John Wu, Archbishop Lou Koung, Hans Kung, J. Maritain etc., in their theories about natural law, all compared St Thomas' theory of natural law, Through their analysis we can further see the unique and outstanding thoughts of St. Thomas