Lixiao Lin

Focusing on plurally de re epistemically modalised sentences—that is, sentences that assert or deny a joint epistemic possibility for a group of individuals—I discuss a range of problems for the standard view of epistemic modals. Two alternative accounts are considered. The first account allows epistemic modals to shift the world parameter used to track actuality, while the second draws on the notion of constrained epistemic modality. I argue that, although the first account addresses some of the problems posed by plurally de re constructions, it leaves others unexplained and introduces its own complications. By contrast, the second account resolves all these problems and provides a more unified treatment of individually and plurally de re epistemic modality.

Focusing on plurally de re epistemically modalised sentences—that is, sentences that assert or deny a joint epistemic possibility for a group of individuals—I discuss a range of problems for the standard view of epistemic modals. Two alternative accounts are considered. The first account allows epistemic modals to shift the world parameter used to track actuality, while the second draws on the notion of constrained epistemic modality. I argue that, although the first account addresses some of the problems posed by plurally de re constructions, it leaves others unexplained and introduces its own complications. By contrast, the second account resolves all these problems and provides a more unified treatment of individually and plurally de re epistemic modality.

© 2015 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. Solute carrier transporters — a family of more than 300 membrane-bound proteins that facilitate the transport of a wide array of substrates across biological membranes — have important roles in physiological processes ranging from the cellular uptake of nutrients to the absorption of drugs and other xenobiotics. Several classes of marketed drugs target well-known SLC transporters, such as neurotransmitter transporters, and human genetic studies have provided powerful insight into the roles of more-recently characterized SLC transporters in both rare and common diseases, indicating a wealth of new therapeutic opportunities. This Review summarizes knowledge on the roles of SLC transporters in human disease, describes strategies to target such transporters, and highlights current and investigational drugs that modulate SLC transporters, as well as promising drug targets.