Luis Garcia

Within ordinary ---unitary--- quantum mechanics there exist global protocols that allow to verify that no definite event ---an outcome to which a probability can be associated--- occurs. Instead, states that start in a coherent superposition over possible outcomes always remain as a superposition. We show that, when taking into account fundamental errors in measuring length and time intervals, that have been put forward as a consequence of a conjunction of quantum mechanical and general relativity arguments, there are instances in which such global protocols no longer allow to distinguish whether the state is in a superposition or not. All predictions become identical as if one of the outcomes occurs, with probability determined by the state. We use this as a criteria to define events, as put forward in the Montevideo Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. We analyze in detail the occurrence of events in the paradigmatic case of a particle in a superposition of two different locations. We argue that our approach provides a consistent single-world picture of the universe, thus allowing an economical way out of the limitations imposed by a recent theorem by Frauchiger and Renner showing that having a self-consistent single-world description of the universe is incompatible with quantum theory. In fact, the main observation of this paper may be stated as follows: If quantum mechanics is extended to include gravitational effects to a QG theory, then QG, S, and C are satisfied.

School tourism constitutes a source of learning to strengthen the cultural identity of students. The objective was to compare the development of school tourism in the educational institutions San Pedro Chanel and Carlos Augusto Salaverry. The Leiper space approach was used. The exhibition was constituted by 200 high school students and 20 teachers. The results show that there is statistically significant differences regarding the knowledge of the tourist resources of the province of Sullana. It was concluded that educational tourism is a strategy that tries to bring the student closer to knowledge, awareness and assessment of tourist resources.

Aunque el denominado problema de marco generó múltiples debates a finales del siglo pasado, aún es un problema fundamental para el avance en las Ciencias Cognitivas, en general, y para la Inteligencia Artificial, en particular. En este trabajo, y restringiéndonos al aspecto lógico del problema, postulamos que la discusión actual y subyacente a este aspecto gira en torno a cómo determinar lo que no cambia en términos de acciones y propiedades dentro de un sistema lógico formal. Es sobre este aspecto, y en función de sus dificultades (i) definicional y (ii) resolutiva, que en este trabajo argumentaremos que el denominado “criterio temporal” no solamente puede estimarse como uno los principales requerimientos teóricos para (i) resolverlo sino también para (ii) explicitar más claramente su dificultad principal, a saber, “lo que es relevante” frente al cambio en el tiempo. De esta manera, sostenemos que el razonamiento lógico-temporal resulta necesario para construir cualquier solución íntegramente satisfactoria del aspecto lógico del problema de marco entendido como el modo en que, inmediatamente, determinamos relevancia frente al cambio.

Among the manuscripts of Ovid's Metamorphoses used by N. Heinsius and as yet unidentified or given up for lost is the so-called fragmentum Caesenas, the collation of which was not carried out by Heinsius himself but provided for him by the Hamburg jurist Lucas Langermann, who was a correspondent of Heinsius, Gronovius and Vossius, among others. According to M.D. Reeve, he was also responsible for adding these notes, using the siglum c, to Oxon. Bodl. Auct. S.V.5, which also includes the collations—by another hand—of A and B. The variants provided by this fragment affect lines 9.235–11.169 and 13.1–403, although this does not imply that these were the exact limits of its content, as we shall see below. Some of these variants ended up in the notes of the editions by Heinsius himself and by those who continued his work, and it was D.A. Slater who rescued the collation of Bodl. Auct. S.V.5 from obscurity when he included the greater part of the readings of c among the rich store of information presented in his work. F. Munari included the fragment in his catalogue, clearly pointing to the uncertainty surrounding its dating while adding the information that it was not at that time to be found in Cesena. The succinct information offered by Slater is used by I. Marahrens for her dissertation and by W.S. Anderson for his edition. R.J. Tarrant, in turn, explicitly states that the fragment is now lost. In the following pages, however, I will attempt to show that this fragment is not lost, but still preserved in the Biblioteca Malatestiana in Cesena.

Hay muchas más preguntas que respuestas, cuando uno se pone a pensar en los diferentes aspectos de la responsabilidad civil extracontractual en el daño ambiental. La primera dificultad que uno se encuentra entre muchas, es la definición o el concepto de lo que significa el medio ambiente; luego viene otro escollo: ¿Qué debe entenderse por daño ambiental? ¿habrá que conceptualizarlo, desde la ecología, desde la antropología, desde la visión de la economía clásica o desde la visión de la economía ambiental, o recurrir a definiciones de carácter normativas? De lo que sí estoy seguro, es de que cualquier concepto, de entrada, tiene el criterio de la flexibilidad como principio.

El derecho a un medio ambiente sano surge con la aparición de los llamados derechos de tercera generación o derechos de solidaridad. El derecho ambiental se caracteriza por una multiplicidad de principios rectores definidos en variados instrumentos internacionales principalmente en la Declaración de Estocolmo sobre Medio Ambiente Humano, la Carta Mundial de la Naturaleza y la Cumbre de la Tierra o Río 92. Estos principios que concretizan los valores de preservación, conservación y desarrollo sostenible, entre otros, los ubicaremos dentro del contexto constitucional colombiano. ¿Derecho humano de tercera generación o fundamental? Una discusión más de carácter semántico que material. ¿Cómo se ha expresado la jurisprudencia colombiana?.mis conclusiones.

We argue that it is fundamentally impossible to recover information about quantum superpositions when a quantum system has interacted with a sufficiently large number of degrees of freedom of the environment. This is due to the fact that gravity imposes fundamental limitations on how accurate measurements can be. This leads to the notion of undecidability: there is no way to tell, due to fundamental limitations, if a quantum system evolved unitarily or suffered wavefunction collapse. This in turn provides a solution to the problem of outcomes in quantum measurement by providing a sharp criterion for defining when an event has taken place. We analyze in detail in examples two situations in which in principle one could recover information about quantum coherence: a) “revivals” of coherence in the interaction of a system with the measurement apparatus and the environment and b) the measurement of global observables of the system plus apparatus plus environment. We show in the examples that the fundamental limitations due to gravity and quantum mechanics in measurement prevent both revivals from occurring and the measurement of global observables. It can therefore be argued that the emerging picture provides a complete resolution to the measurement problem in quantum mechanics.

This work presents a novel approach to forecast streaming big time series based on nearest similar patterns. This approach combines a clustering algorithm with a classifier and the nearest neighbours algorithm. It presents two separate stages: offline and online. The offline phase is for training and finding the best models for clustering, classification and the nearest neighbours algorithm. The online phase is to predict big time series in real time. In the offline phase, data are divided into clusters and a forecasting model based on the nearest neighbours is trained for each cluster. In addition, a classifier is trained using the cluster assignments previously generated by the clustering algorithm. In the online phase, the classifier predicts the cluster label of an instance, and the proper nearest neighbours model according to the predicted cluster label is applied to obtain the final prediction using the similar patterns. The algorithm is able to be updated incrementally for online learning from data streams. Results are reported using electricity consumption with a granularity of |$10$| minutes for 4-hour-ahead forecasting and compared with well-known online benchmark learners, showing a remarkable improvement in prediction accuracy.

RESUMEN Este trabajo propone una reflexión sobre la técnica y sobre las condiciones de una crítica de la técnica en el horizonte contemporáneo del agotamiento de los paradigmas humanistas desde los que tradicionalmente se pensó esa crítica. Se plantea que la pregunta por la técnica ha de diferenciarse de la pregunta por los dispositivos técnicos, es decir, ha de partir de la ruptura con el supuesto humanista de la exterioridad entre técnica y humanidad. Una vez planteada esta escena poshumanista se proponen distintas alternativas posibles en ese horizonte, que oscilan entre el cinismo antropotécnico y el experimentalismo radical postidentitario. Finalmente, este postula que la puesta en disposición del lenguaje y de la temporalidad son los parámetros clave del contemporáneo capitalismo de la información. Ante ello, se propone que el desafío fundamental de un poshumanismo radical es abrir una experiencia del lenguaje y del tiempo más allá de toda forma de disponibilidad. ABSTRACT This paper proposes a reflection on technology and on the conditions of a critique of technology in the contemporary horizon of the exhaustion of the humanistic paradigms from which that criticism was traditionally formulated. The argument states that the question about technique should be distinguished from the question about technical devices, i.e., it must break with the humanist assumption of the exteriority between technology and humanity. Once assumed this posthumanist scene, the paper analyzes different possible positions in that scene, ranging from anthro-potechnical cynicism to radical post-identitarian experimentalism. Finally, the paper postulates that the making available of language and temporality are the main parameters of contemporary capitalism ofinformation. In response, the fundamental challenge of a radical posthumanism is to open an experience of language and of temporality outside any form of availability.

The ArgumentIn this paper I try to analyze the fate of a new medical model that was developed in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in European Latin society, particularly in the southern parts of Latin Europe. This model won the approval of the communities in which it was developed as part of an incipient network of medical care and attention. The new healer (Christian and male )that emerged from this model, whether physician or surgeon, based his practice on his knowledge of Aristotelian natural philosophy. He was an intellectual and a social product fashioned and supported by traditional and new urban leader groups, whether civil or ecclesiastic, Christian or Jewish. Health and healers were considered part of the urban social organization both in large cities and in smaller towns.Full social acceptance of this new model was achieved only after heated debate. In practice, the new way of conceiving of medicine did not begin to become socially accepted outside intellectual circles until the new healer was able to offer specific solutions for the maintenance or restoration of health, both at an individual and at a collective level, and according to the criteria and feelings of the leader groups of the society of that time.Progress in research allows us to identify nene factors, at least, that were involed in the construction of these novelties in late medieval Latin society.

El presente trabajo se instala en el umbral entre estética y política para interrogar la obra más reciente de Georges Didi-Huberman. Se sostiene que su "pensamiento de las imágenes" no solo implica una política del arte, sino además un arte de la política, vale decir, una política estética que nos conduce a la arena del debate propiamente político, mostrando ya no solo las implicancias políticas de las imágenes, sino, de manera mucho más decisiva, los supuestos figúrales de la política. Se proponen los principales rasgos de este programa para finalmente mostrar los alcances del montaje como apuesta estético-política de articulación de lo común, y como culminación de la intervención didi-hubermaniana.

La investigación centra su interés en determinar el impacto que ha tenido la implementación de la cátedra de la Paz en las instituciones educativas de Ciudad Bolívar en la construcción de paz y ciudadanía. Desde la investigación cualitativa en una perspectiva hermenéutica y el método narrativo, se realizó una revisión documental. Se concluye que, el abordaje de la cátedra de la paz requiere en la escuela, una perspectiva holística que fomente la reflexión crítica sobre el conflicto armado, construcción de memoria histórica, fortalecimiento del tejido social y cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.