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1637Heroic Art of Living: Nietzsche’s Rank Order of the Types of LifeIn Nietzsche on the Art of Living. New Studies from the German-Speaking Nietzsche Research, Orientation Press. 2023.The central aim of the present investigation is to shed light on Nietzsche’s understanding of happiness and a good life, starting from Nietzsche’s appropriation of Plato’s and Aristotle’s doctrine of a hierarchy of human beings and forms of life.
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1607Max Weber on Politics, Reason, and the Clash of Values and Approaches to EthicsDîvân. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 24 (47). 2019.This article investigates how Max Weber’s theory of value conflict is connected to his realist understanding of politics and how he conceives the relation of politics and ethics. This investigation also covers Weber’s views on the argumentative limits of the social sciences and ethics. The center of Weber’s philosophy of science is constituted by his methodological thoughts on “ethical neutrality” (Wertfreiheit) of the social sciences. The first thesis of this paper contends that Weber’s theory …Read more
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1389Machiavelli’s realist image of humanity and his justification of the stateFilozofija I Društvo 29 (2): 182-201. 2018.This article examines Machiavelli’s image of humanity. It argues against the prevailing views that characterize it either as pessimistic or optimistic and defends the thesis that the Florentine has a realist image of humanity. Machiavelli is a psychological egoist who conceives of man as a being whose actions are motivated by his drives, appetites, and passions, which lead him often to immoral behavior. Man’s main drives are “ambition” (ambizione) and “avarice” (avarizia). This article also inve…Read more
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1220Aristotle’s Criticism of Plato’s “Communist Ideals”: Aristotle’s Critics and the Issue of the City’s Appropriate Degree of UnityIn Jakub Jinek & Veronika Konrádová (eds.), For Friends, All Is Shared. Friendship and Politics in Ancient Greek Political Thought, Praha. 2016.
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851Nietzsches Begriff der Sozialen GerechtigkeitNietzsche Studien (1973) 38 (1): 156-181. 2009.Die Forschung hat bislang entweder bemängelt, dass Nietzsches Philosophie ein Begriff von szialer Gerechtigkeit fehlt oder had einen solchen kaum in den Blick bekommen. Im Gegensatz dazu argumentiert der Aufsatz dafür, dass der sozialen Gerechtigkeit in Nietzsches politischem Denken eine zentrale Rolle zukommt. Er zeigt, dass das antike Vorbild seiner Gerechtigkeitsauffasseng Platons Begriff der politischen Gerechrigkeit ist. Die Kernthese des Aufsatzes ist, dass diese Gerechtigkeitsauffassung i…Read more
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738Deep Disagreements on Social and Political Justice: Their Meta-Ethical Relevance and the Need for a New Research PerspectiveIn Manuel Dr Knoll, Stephen Snyder & Nurdane Şimşek (eds.), New Perspectives on Distributive Justice. Deep Disagreements, Pluralism, and the Problem of Consensus, De Gruyter. pp. 23-51. 2019.This article starts off with a historical section showing that deep disagreements among notions of social and political justice are a characteristic feature of the history of political thought. Since no agreement or consensus on distributive justice is possible, the article argues that political philosophers should – instead of continuously proposing new normative theories of justice – focus on analyzing the reasons, significance, and consequences of such kinds of disagreements. The next two sec…Read more
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706Die „Politik“ des Aristoteles – eine unitarische InterpretationZeitschrift Für Politik (2). 2011.
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682Scholars have long recognized the existence of myriad widespread deep disagreements on values, justice, morality, and ethics. In order to come to terms with such deep disagreements, resistant to rational solution, this article asserts the need for developing an ethics of disagreement. The reality that theoretical disagreements often turn into practical conflicts is a major justification for why such an ethics is necessary. This paper outlines an ethics of deep disagreement that is primarily conc…Read more
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623Sophistic Criticisms of the Rule of Law. A Comparison of Callicles and ThrasymachusPhilosophical Journal (Filosfický Časopis) 33 (2). 2021.The paper discusses different interpretations of Callicles and Thrasymachus’ positions. There are good reasons for interpreting Callicles as a critic of democracy and as an aristocratic political thinker whose political views are closer to Plato’s than is usually assumed. The paper argues that Callicles defends a natural right of the best citizens to rule over the crowd. However, in contrast to Plato, for Callicles the rule of the best should not aim at the common good but at their personal adva…Read more
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531How Aristotelian is Martha Nussbaum’s “Aristotelian Social Democracy”?Rivista di Filosofia 2. 2/2014.The paper examines Martha Nussbaum’s «Aristotelian Social Democracy», and in particular her appropriation of Aristotle’s political philosophy. The paper questions Nussbaum’s claim that Aristotle’s account of human nature and her capabilities approach are not metaphysical. It critically analyses Nussbaum’s egalitarian interpretation of Aristotle’s doctrine of distributive justice, laying out the primary reasons supporting the thesis that Nussbaum’s «Aristotelian Social Democracy» is incompatible …Read more
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528The Cardinal Role of Respect and Self-Respect for Rawls’s and Walzer’s Theories of JusticeIn Elena Irrera & Giovanni Giorgini (eds.), The Roots of Respect: A Historic-Philosophical Itinerary, De Gruyter. pp. 207-224. 2017.The cardinal role that notions of respect and self-respect play in Rawls’s A Theory of Justice has already been abundantly examined in the literature. In contrast, it has hardly been noticed that these notions are also central to Michael Walzer’s Spheres of Justice. Respect and self-respect are not only central topics of his chapter “Recognition”, but constitute a central aim of a “complex egalitarian society” and of Walzer’s theory of justice. This paper substantiates this thesis and elucidates…Read more
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522Platons Konzeption der Mischverfassung in den Nomoi und ihr aristokratischer CharakterIn Manuel Dr Knoll & Francisco L. Lisi (eds.), Platons „Nomoi“. Die politische Herrschaft von Vernunft und Gesetz (Staatsverständnisse 100), Nomos. 2017.
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499Teleology in Aristotle’s Practical PhilosophyAither. Journal for the Study of Greek and Latin Philosophical Traditions (10). 2022.This article contributes to the debate on the relation between Aristotle’s practical and theoretical philosophy. It argues that his practical philosophy depends to a considerable extent on his teleological conception of nature. This thesis is primarily directed against scholars who maintain that Aristotle does not derive political and human relations from natural or cosmic conditions. The paper defends David Sedley’s anthropocentric interpretation of Aristotle’s natural teleology and shows how A…Read more
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479Aristotle’s Arguments for his Political Anthropology and the Natural Existence of the PolisIn Refik Guremen & Annick Jaulin (eds.), Aristote, L’animal politique, Publications De La Sorbonne. 2017.This paper examines Aristotle’s two famous claims that man is by nature a political animal, and that he is the only animal who possesses speech and reason (logos). Aristotle’s thesis that man is by nature a political animal is inextricably linked with his thesis that the polis exists by nature. This paper examines the argument that Aristotle develops in Pol. I. 2 to support these two theses. It argues a) that the definition of man as an animal who possesses logos is part of this argument, b) tha…Read more
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387Aristoteles als Begründer der Theorie politischer RevolutionenIn Hans-Martin Schönherr-Mann (ed.), Revolution 100 Years After. System, Geschichte, Struktur und Performanz einer ökonomischen Theorie, . 2018.
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3748. Der Status der Bürger, der Frauen, der Fremden und der Sklaven in MagnesiaIn Christoph Horn (ed.), Platon: Gesetze/Nomoi, De Gruyter. pp. 143-164. 2013.This article examines the role of citiziens, women, metics, and slaves in Magnesia, the new city Plato outlines in his "Nomoi".
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333Aristóteles y el pensamiento político aristocráticoRevista de filosofía (Chile) 73 87-106. 2017.Una Según una influyente línea interpretativa sostiene que la mejor ciudad polis ideal de Aristóteles debe ser considerada como un gobierno constitucionaluna politeia (πολιτεία). Son eruditos alemanes quienes adoptan esta lecturaEsta corriente predomina aún hoy entre los eruditos alemanes.. En este grupo hay que incluir a Martha Nussbaum en tanto que aboga por una “socialdemocracia aristotélicaEn tanto paladina de la “social democracia aristotélica”, Martha Nussbaum pertenece también a esta líne…Read more
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295The Cardinal Role of Respect and Self-Respect for Rawls’s and Walzer’s Theories of JusticeIn Giovanni Giorgini & Elena Irrera (eds.), The Roots of Respect. A Historic-Philosophical Itinerary, De Gruyter. 2017.The cardinal role that notions of respect and self-respect play in Rawls’s A Theory of Justice has already been abundantly examined in the literature. However, it has hardly been noticed that these notions are also central for Michael Walzer’s Spheres of Justice. Respect and self-respect are not only central topics of his chapter on “recognition”, but constitute a central aim of his whole theory of justice. This paper substantiates this thesis and elucidates Walzer’s criticism of Rawls’s that we…Read more
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277Rousseau, Locke oder Marsilius? Die ideengeschichtlichen Wurzeln des Prinzips der VolkssouveränitätStoria E Politica 2023 (1). 2023.According to the prevailing opinion, the classical formulation of the principle of the sovereignty of the people is found in Rousseau. Against that view, this article argues that Marsilius of Padua and Locke should be regarded as earlier pioneers and important forerunners of this principle. To demonstrate this thesis, the paper examines Marsilius’s conception of the “human legislator” and Locke’s ideas on legislation, representation, and on the limitation of the legislative power. Though Locke e…Read more
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271Heroische Lebenskunst – Nietzsches Rangordnung der LebensformenIn Günther Gödde, Nicolaus Loukidelis & Jörg Zirfas (eds.), Nietzsche und die Lebenskunst. Ein philosophisch-psychologisches Kompendium, Stuttgart, Metzler. pp. 299-306. 2016.This article examines Nietzsche’s understanding of happiness and a good life going back to the ancient roots of his thought. It claims that his understanding is oriented by the category of a “form of life” (bios), which is central for Plato’s and Aristotle’s thought on a good and happy life. Like Nietzsche, both ancient philosophers place a life of contemplation at the top of the hierarchy of forms of life. The article argues that Nietzsche should be interpreted as a proponent of a heroic art of…Read more
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253In Spheres of Justice, published in 1983, Michael Walzer gives his views on a negative income tax, which is a variation on and an implementation of the idea of a universal basic income. His relevant statements, which are included in the chapters “security and welfare” and “money and commodities”, are ambivalent. This paper discusses the idea of a universal basic income from the perspective of Walzer’s theory of distributive justice. This discussion presents both arguments for and against this id…Read more
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237An Interpretation of Rawls’s Difference Principle as the Principle of the Welfare StateSofia Philosophical Review (2): 5-33. 2013.
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229Aristotle on the Demise and Stability of Political SystemsAraucaria 25 (49). 2022.This article examines Aristotle’s theory of ‘factional conflict’ (stasis) in Book 5 of the Politics and claims that it is mainly directed against the a-historical account of constitutional change Plato develops in the Republic. Aristotle’s investigation of the causes of stasis is oriented towards the normative political goal of stabilizing political orders and preventing their ‘change’ (metabolê) into different ones. This article argues that the constitution Aristotle calls ‘polity’ (politeia) c…Read more
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216Teleologia Na Filosofia Prática de AristótelesJournal of Teleological Science 2022 (2): 152-85. 2022.Este artigo contribui para o debate sobre a relação da filosofia prática e teórica de Aristóteles. Ele argumenta que sua filosofia prática depende em grande parte de sua concepção teleológica da natureza. Esta tese é dirigida principalmente contra os estudiosos que sustentam que Aristóteles não deriva de relações políticas e humanas de condições naturais ou cósmicas. O artigo defende a interpretação antropocêntrica de David Sedley da teleologia natural de Aristóteles e mostra como Aristóteles ap…Read more
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195Critical Theory and Hedonism: The Central Role of Aristippus of Kyrene for Theodor W. Adorno’s ThoughtIn Francesca Eustacchi & Maurizio Migliori (eds.), Per la rinascita di un pensiero critico contemporaneo. Il contributo degli antichi (Askesis. Studi di filosofia antica), Askesis. 2017.
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194Lyotards Diagnose der postmodernen SituationConcordia. Internationake Zeitschrift Für Philosophie (42). 2002.
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186Argumentos de Aristóteles para sua antropologia política e a existência natural da polisJournal of Teleological Science 3 (3): 50-80. 2023.Aristotle’s Politicsis not only famous for its theory of constitutions, but for its statements about human nature. According to the central claim of Aristotle’s political anthropology, man is by nature a political animal (phusei politikon zôon). This famous statement is presented as the conclusion of the first set of arguments that Aristotle develops in the second chapter of book I of the Politics(Pol.,I, 2, 1252a24–1253a3). Aristotle’s statement is inextricably linked with the claim…Read more
Manuel Dr. Knoll
Turkish-German University Istanbul
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Turkish-German University IstanbulProfessor