Manuel García

Inspired by Castañeda (1966, 1968), Perry (1979) and Lewis (1979) showed a specific variety of singular thoughts, thoughts about oneself “as oneself”—_de se_ thoughts, Lewis called them—that raise special issues, and they advanced rival accounts. Their suggestive examples raise the problem of _de se_ thought—how to characterize it so as to give an accurate account of the data, tracing its relations to singular thoughts in general. The main tenets of the two contrasting accounts—Lewisian and Perrian—are rehearsed in the first section of this chapter, together with some weaknesses of Perry’s presentation of his view. In the second, a proposal is presented, a specific elaboration of the Perrian account which overcomes the weaknesses. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of reasons for preferring one or another account, in particular regarding the issue of the communication of _de se_ thoughts.

This chapter defends the view that the concept of self is a kind of phenomenal concept, anchored in self-experience. This approach sheds new light on the epistemic privileges traditionally attached to I-thoughts. Coliva (2003) argues that we should distinguish between immunity to error through misidentification and two other properties it is often confused with: the impossibility of a split between semantic and speaker’s reference, and the “Real Guarantee.” The phenomenal-concept model explains why each of these three properties arises in connection with I-thoughts, and with what frequency. It also makes sense of the fact that they are regularly conflated, given their common source in the nature of the concept of self, and in the properties of self-experience.

Pérez López, amigo y colaborador de Leonardo Polo, desarrolla lo que puede considerarse una Teoría General de Sistemas que resulta de gran utilidad. De ella serían casos particulares los sistemas ultraestables y estables. Sus modelos tienen gran utilidad para la comprensión analítica del modo de ser humano y del funcionamiento de las organizaciones y de la dirección. Se realiza una introducción panorámica del propósito de ese autor y del método y alcance de sus investigaciones en el comportamiento humano y el funcionamiento de las organizaciones.

Se discutirán críticamente algunas tesis recientes sobre cognición geométrica, específicamente la tesis de la universalidad planteada por Dehaene et al., y la idea de una “geometría natural” empleada por Spelke. Argumentaremos la necesidad de distinguir entre cognición visuo-espacial y conocimiento geométrico básico, y más aún, afirmaremos que este último no se puede identificar con la geometría euclidiana. El propósito principal del artículo es proponer una caracterización de la geometría básica, para lo cual se requiere una combinación de experimentos en cognición visuo-espacial con estudios en arqueología cognitiva e historia comparativa. Ofreceremos ejemplos de estos campos, con especial énfasis en la comparación de ideas y procedimientos geométricos de la antigua China y Grecia.

We argue against the claim that the employment of diagrams in Euclidean geometry gives rise to gaps in the proofs. First, we argue that it is a mistake to evaluate its merits through the lenses of Hilbert’s formal reconstruction. Second, we elucidate the abilities employed in diagram-based inferences in the Elements and show that diagrams are mathematically reputable tools. Finally, we complement our analysis with a review of recent experimental results purporting to show that, not only is the Euclidean diagram-based practice strictly regimented, it is rooted in cognitive abilities that are universally shared.

Manuel de Pinedo attempts to determine what the drug-induced psychoactive experience tells us about experience in general. What it tells us, he argues, is that the latter is an irreducibly personal-level phenomenon. More specifically (and as he puts it) “Who we are, who we are with, what we know and expect, how we feel, are constitutive aspects of experience in general and of psychoactive experience, in particular”. While arguing for this, he provides reasons for thinking that neither biochemical reductionism nor psychological reductionism adequately describe experience, either in general or in psychoactive experience.

Este artículo estudia las diferencias entre el juicio de los periodistas culturales y el gusto de los lectores, aplicando un análisis de contenidos a los “libros del año” recomendados por los principales suplementos españoles (‘ABC Cultural’, ‘Babelia’, ‘Cultura|s’ y ‘El Cultural’) entre 2010 y 2020 (n=1.133), y cotejando estos listados con las valoraciones de los usuarios de ‘Goodreads’. Los libros seleccionados reciben una puntuación media discreta (7,3), con apenas un 0,2% de títulos considerables “sobresalientes”, lo que evidencia la distancia existente (aunque decreciente) con los críticos, sobre todo al cruzar con las variables de nacionalidad y género del autor.

Este artículo expone el resultado de la puesta en práctica de una metodología docente novedosa a través de la que se busca superar las dificultades que el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje encuentra en las asignaturas jurídicas que forman parte de los grados universitarios no jurídicos. Comienza destacando el papel que tienen las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en dicho proceso y, significativamente, el campus virtual. Seguidamente, desgrana cada uno de los elementos de la metodología docente aplicaba, entre los que encuentra la gamificación. Concluye con la determinación de las consecuencias de la experiencia desarrollada.

Castañeda, Perry and Lewis argued that, among singular thoughts in general, thoughts about oneself ‘as oneself’—first-personal thoughts, which Lewis aptly called de se—have a distinctive character that traditional views of contents cannot characterize. Drawing on Anscombe, Annalisa Coliva has argued that a feature she calls Real Guarantee marks apart de se thoughts—as opposed to others including Immunity to Error through Misidentification that have been proposed for that role. I'll argue that, while her work points to a truly distinguishing feature of the de se, we need an account of the notion other than hers and Echeverri's recent development of it. I'll offer an alternative, drawing on Léa Salje's work. Finally, I'll briefly outline how, thus understood, the Real Guarantee feature could be adequately explained by theories of de se thoughts like the one I favour, even if it is an open option to just explain it away.

En el presente trabajo, pretendo explorar la historia de una búsqueda de la filosofía medieval, que trasciende incluso su propia época, ya que condujo a la ciencia de lo material, dejó sentadas las bases para el futuro desarrollo de las ciencias y de la propia filosofía occidentales, ya en los tiempos modernos; y donde creo percibir la presencia de una constante: la búsqueda de lo individual, de lo singular, dentro de los conceptos filosóficos que el pensamiento medieval fue formando. Es lo que llamo la Adversus Pluralitas de la filosofía escolástica occidental. Esta exploración la realizo tanto desde el punto de vista del análisis doctrinal como del contexto histórico, mediante el estudio de fragmentos de las obras de los más importantes representantes de la filosofía de la época medieval, así como de textos más recientes a ellos referidos. In the present work I intend to explore the history of a quest of medieval philosophy that transcends even its own era, since it led to the science of material things, laid the foundations for the future development of Western sciences and of philosophy itself, already in the modern age; and in which I believe I perceive the presence of a constant: the search for the individual, for the singular, within the philosophical concepts that medieval thought was forming. This is what I call the adversus pluralitas of Western scholastic philosophy. This research is carried out both from the point of view of doctrinal analysis and historical context, through the study of fragments of the works of the most important representatives of the philosophy of the Medieval time, as well as more recent texts referring to them.

La Iglesia católica se encuentra en un proceso de reflexión sobre la sinodalidad. En este contexto, se ha hecho notar que las Iglesias orientales han funcionado históricamente sobre la base del sínodo como método de gobierno y reflexión comunitaria. Así pues, puede ser recomendable analizar cómo estas Iglesias han vivido la sinodalidad en su historia. El autor pretende contribuir a esta tarea presentando el pensamiento de Teodoro Abu Qurra, un significativo autor cristiano árabe del siglo ix, en particular, su tratado Sobre los Concilios.

Propuesta de un nuevo y complementario enfoque —el traductológico— para el estudio de los romanceamientos granadinos considerados en cuanto que testimonios únicos para la historia de la traducción del árabe al español y la historia del arabismo en España. Dicho enfoque se lleva aquí a la práctica ilustrado con dos romanceamientos inéditos llevados a cabo en 1517 por Bemardino Xarafí, escribano público y romanceador de la ciudad de Granada y su Reino. La edición de los mismos se acompaña de un amplio estudio traductológico, una panorámica general sobre los Xarafí y otros romanceadores granadinos del primer tercio del XVI y un análisis descriptivo comparado con otros romanceamientos del siglo XVI y con los procedimientos de traducción actualmente aceptados en la traducción jurada del árabe al español.

Miranda Fricker distinguishes two senses in which testimonial injustice is epistemic. In the primary sense, it is epistemic because it harms the victim as a giver of knowledge. In the secondary sense, it is epistemic, more narrowly, because it harms the victim as a possessor of knowledge. Her characterization of testimonial injustice has raised the following objection: testimonial injustice is not always an epistemic injustice, in the narrow, secondary sense, as it does not always entail that the victim is harmed as a knowledge-possessor. By adopting a perspective based on Robert Brandom's normative expressivism, we respond to this objection by arguing that there is a close connection, conceptual and constitutive rather than merely causal, between the primary and the secondary epistemic harms of testimonial injustice, such that testimonial injustice always involves both kinds of epistemic harm. We do so by exploring the logic and functioning of belief and knowledge ascriptions in order to highlight three ways in which the secondary epistemic harm caused by testimonial injustice crystallizes: it undermines the epistemic agency of the victim, the epistemic friction necessary for knowledge, and the possibility of occupying particular epistemic nodes.

In this paper I explore two possible ways of being quietist in philosophy and relate them to the work of Wittgenstein and McDowell. On the one hand, quietism could be understood as an imperative to remain quiet regarding what we value the most. The final aphorisms of the Tractatus seem to gesture in this direction. On the other hand, it could be seen as a refusal to produce philosophical theories regarding general and abstract issues such as meaning or thought. McDowell has recommended reading the Investigations under this light and has followed the advice in most of his work. I discuss some consequences of this approach to issues such as rule following, mental externalism and ethical particularlism and try to show that there is much exciting philosophical work to be done even after abandoning grand theoretical aspirations.

The effect of ASDEX Upgrade edge localized mode -mitigation coils on fast ion wall loads was studied with the fast particle following Monte Carlo code ASCOT. Neutral beam injected particles were simulated in two AUG discharges both in the presence and in the absence of the magnetic field perturbation induced by the eight newly installed in-vessel coils. In one of the discharges beams were applied individually, making it a useful basis for investigating the effect of the coils on different beams. However, no ELM mitigation was observed in #26476, probably due to the low plasma density. Therefore, another discharge demonstrating clear ELM mitigation was also studied. The magnetic perturbation due to the in-vessel coils has a significant effect on the fast particle confinement, but only when total magnetic field, B tot, is low. When B tot was high, the perturbation did not increase the losses, but merely resulted in redistribution of the wall power loads. Hence, it seems to be possible to achieve ELM mitigation using in-vessel coils, while still avoiding increased fast ion losses, by simply using a strong B tot. Preliminary comparisons between simulated and experimental fast ion lost detector signals show a reasonable correspondence. © 2012 IAEA, Vienna.