Marcos Fanton

This paper offers a systematic reading of justice as fairness. By ‘systematic reading’ I mean an interpretation capable of presenting the rawlsian political conception as a coherent theoretical framework with all its stages of justification. I argue that the concept of point of view allows for this kind of interpretation. In the first part of this paper, I briefly discuss the difficulties of obtaining a comprehensive understanding of justice as fairness from some proposals previously set forth in the literature. In the second part, I make a formal definition of the concept of point of view and expound the main points of view in justice as fairness. Finally, I set out in detail what I will call here ‘Rawls’s point of view’, the starting point of justice as fairness.

This paper employs structural topic modeling (STM), a text-mining technique, to describe the academic philosophy landscape in Brazil. Based on a public national database, a corpus consisting of 12,515 abstracts of monographs (theses and dissertations) defended in Philosophy Graduate Programs between 1991 and 2021 was compiled. The final STM model identified 74 meaningful research topics, clustered into 7 thematic categories. This study discusses the prevalence of the most significant topics and categories, their trends across three decades and their (positive or negative) association with the supervisor’s gender. Results show the first empirical evidence that Brazilian philosophical research exhibits a greater focus on philosophers and their works, rather than on specific themes or problems, aligning with common sociological perceptions within the academic community. Moreover, by visualizing the variations in topic prevalence over time, it was possible to track the rise or decline of the major interest categories and topics. Finally, results also show how topics related to male philosophers garner greater attention throughout the corpus and which topics are more or less influenced by gender.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar um aspecto formal da filosofia de Ernst Tugendhat, qual seja, o modo e o resultado de sua análise dos enunciados práticos. Na medida em que a semântica formal tem a pretensão de elaborar uma concepção sistemática de filosofia analítica da linguagem, ela engloba a investigação tanto de sentenças assertóricas quanto de sentenças práticas através de um conceito específico de análise. Além disso, Tugendhat é a favor da tese de que o método analítico-linguístico é o único método correto para se tratar de questões filosóficas. Nesse sentido, tal posição filosófica precisa dar conta do modo de agir prático e moral do ser humano dentro de limites estritamente semânticos, caso contrário passará a desenvolver tal temática de maneira ametódica e indeterminada. Assim, este trabalho surge da suspeita da violação, por parte de Tugendhat, de seus próprios requisitos metodológicos na análise de enunciados práticos, que acaba admitindo, em último caso, pressupostos antropológicos, psicológicos e/ou sociológicos na sua investigação.