Maria Dias

Le concept physiologique de métabolisme, utilisé notamment par les sciences humaines, aura un rôle central dans la critique de l'économie politique de Marx en approfondissant sa compréhension des déterminations immanentes au capital, tel qu'il digère, mû par une "compulsion" excessive, la matière vivante (la terre et la force corporelle humaine) pour la transformer en valeur et en plus-value et les dommages catastrophiques qui sont excrétés dans ce processus. Dans cette perspective, nous entendons analyser dans les Grundrisse de 1857-1858 au moins cinq mouvements distincts exprimés par le concept de métabolisme : A) Les processus de la nature dans l'autonomie de leurs cycles ; B) Le processus vital d'interaction entre le corps humain et la terre ; C) Le fonctionnement de la forme sociale historiquement issue du capital à partir et sur l'interaction corps-terre ; D) Les processus de transformation qui se produisent dans la substance de la valeur à travers les échanges entre la Marchandise et la Monnaie ; E) La consommation nécessaire à la reproduction des différentes parties qui composent l'organisme du capital dans le processus de production. Une sixième utilisation du terme apparaît dans le livre I du Capital dans le diagnostic marxien de l'échec métabolique en identifiant comment le métabolisme du capital fonctionne et ne peut fonctionner qu'en provoquant une défaillance du métabolisme de la nature humaine. Les implications théoriques et pratiques de cette analyse nous amènent à réfléchir à la nécessité de créer une nouvelle forme socio-économique de production et de reproduction qui permette un métabolisme sain avec la nature qui nous entoure et en nous, un futur corps social non pathologique.

This chapter demonstrates how the COVID-19 epidemic acted as an accelerator of social inequalities and structural vulnerability experienced by specific segments of the Brazilian population, particularly, and by countries in the Global South, in general. It presents the effects of the pandemic on “groups at risk”. It evaluates these effects against the moral and justice perspective developed by Dias, namely, the Functionings Approach (FA). This is a perspective that (1) aims to abandon current paradigms that violate basic functionings of individuals who remain at the margins of hegemonic epistemologies, and (2) claims a decolonial paradigm as a way to understand the colonial legacies that are still present in the structuring of social inequalities at global and local levels.

This text is the result of an interview conducted by Murilo Mariano Vilaça, in which Professor Maria Clara Marques Dias shares key elements of her academic background, her research, the challenges of being a philosopher in Brazil and the importance of her political and social work throughout her career. As well as being a way of recognizing her career, the reason for this interview is to make public key elements of a life dedicated to academic philosophical reflection and to think about the most relevant Brazilian social issues and intervene in society.

O artigo analisa a compreensão de moralidade fornecida por Kant em sua Fundamentação da Metafísica dos Costumes, de forma a examinar sua possível contribuição para uma filosofia crítica do saber de matriz colonial. Para tal, distingue a tentativa kantiana de resgatar a pretensão de validade universal de nossos enunciados morais e os conteúdos universais fixados pela tradição filosófica de matriz colonial, da qual a filosofia kantiana é um dos principais pilares. Em seguida, propõe uma reconstrução do Imperativo Categórico e uma redefinição dos indivíduos aos quais devemos respeito ou consideração moral, capaz de ampliar o escopo da moralidade a todos os seres humanos, animais não humanos e outros sistemas funcionais complexos, tais como o meio-ambiente e obras de arte. Desta forma, o artigo procurar suprimir hierarquias que até hoje sustentam a subordinação de diversos indivíduos ou grupos a seres supostamente racionais e livres, cujas características foram naturalizadas e elevadas ao topo de uma hierarquia de saber e poder.

The generic idea that the human should enhance seems uncontroversial. However, there is a great controversy about the meaning of enhance and the means that should be used. The possibilities of enhance humans through the use of biotechnology are a central theme of the current bioethical debate. Human Enhancement is the concept used to translate the idea that a biotransformation would generate a bioenhancement. In this article, we present a proposal for a factual-elementary framework of the generic concept of human enhancement, in order to highlight the differences between a normative terminology and a descriptive terminology. Then, we contest the radical polarization that creates a harmful bias in the debate, arguing that what is at issue is a decision making based on non-universal value judgments