Maria Fernandez

A la bibliografía en torno a la vida y la obra kierkegaardiana recientemente se ha sumado el libro de José Luis Cañas, "Søren Kierkegaard: entre la inmediatez y la relación". Lo que en este texto puede encontrarse de innovador es la nueva forma de aproximarse al pensamiento del filósofo danés, en tanto que pretende abordarlo a partir de categorías originales en las cuales, según sostiene el autor, podría sintetizarse el problema de los estadios existenciales (de los cuales a continuación hablaremos). según lo planteó Søren Kierkegaard, quien ha sido considerado "el padre del existencialismo".

The validation of measurement instruments requires not only psychometric rigor but also transparent reporting of ethical principles to ensure the protection of human participants and research integrity. However, the extent to which ethical aspects are adequately reported in validation studies conducted in Peru remains unknown. A descriptive study was conducted including validation studies published between 2021 and 2024 by authors affiliated with Peruvian institutions and indexed in Scopus. Reporting of ethics committee approval, informed consent, assent, data confidentiality, funding, conflicts of interest, and adherence to ethical guidelines was assessed. Factors associated with reporting ethics committee approval were explored using Poisson regression models with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios. A total of 208 studies were included. The majority of the studies were published in English (52.9%), and the most common study populations were students (36.5%). Ethics committee approval was reported in 77.4% of the articles, and informed consent in 91.8%. Only 63.4% specified an ethics approval code, and 61.0% failed to report assent when it was applicable. Compared with articles published in Q1 journals, those published in lower-quartile and non-quartile journals showed a lower prevalence of reporting ethics committee approval, and articles published in Spanish showed a lower prevalence than those published in English, whereas studies with five or more authors and multicity designs showed a higher prevalence of reporting ethics committee approval. Substantial gaps persist in the transparency of ethical reporting in validation studies conducted in Peru. Strengthening editorial requirements and promoting greater awareness among researchers are essential to enhance ethical compliance and protect research participants.

Se analiza la producción científica española que alcanza difusión internacional durante el período 1991-1996. Se ofrecen datos generales sobre la visibilidad de la investigación española en ciencia y tecnología a través de bases de datos bibliográficas internacionales especializadas en diversas áreas de la ciencia. Física (INSPEC), Química (Chemical Abstracts), Biología (BIOSIS), Ingeniería (COMPENDEX) y Agricultura (CAB), y se analiza con más detalle la producción española recogida en la base de datos norteamericana multidisciplinar Science Citation Index (SCI). La producción científica se distribuye por áreas temáticas, sectores institucionales implicados, zonas geográficas y regiones. Se estudia asimismo la presencia de la cooperación nacional e internacional en las publicaciones científicas.

Subjects may be aware in each moment of the content of a given scene and/or internal state. However, the vivid reality of the scene is a by-product of the complex processing of external and internal information in the brain. This point is more evident in the hallucinatory phase of psychosis or during dreaming. There is complex internal processing for the recreation of certain contents which are unconscious for the subject, whilst the content is experienced, the process to arrive at the contents is not perceived at all. Therefore, an important question that naturally arises is if process and content are served by different neural mechanisms. The possibility that postsynaptic potentials arranged in an open-field configuration would be more related to the content, experienced (or not) by the subject, and transmission-transformation of information along neural networks would be related to processing would be proposed. The proposal has some important implications for clinical applications, given that depression, psychosis, anxiety, and others are experienced as defined contents or states, while more possibly the underpinnings are related to abnormal information processing. Therefore, any clinical application should be primarily directed to psychological, pharmacological, or neural stimulation modification of information processing. However, if the content is related to activation of defined neural nets, possibly defined as engrams in a broad sense, the activation of those engrams (content) would only be able to modify processing through action on the processes. A handful of psychological therapies, more or less, explicitly tacitly successfully focus on processes (i.e., cognitive therapy in psychosis) rather than on contents, while others also focus on contents (flooding therapy in anxiety). These ideas are being implicitly running from the beginning of Psychology and made explicit in the field of motivation in organizational psychology. It is important to clarify the different Physiological underpinnings of content and process, and how each intervention is more or less focused on one or the other to justify their odds for success. From an educational point of view, this topic refers to educational strategies more biased to memory (content) vs. educational strategies where the solving tasks approach (processes) is primed.

There is a growing interest in improving the teaching–learning process at all levels of education, including higher education. In recent years, university institutions have been taking action to renew and modernize the way in which they teach and learn, making the process more dynamic and closer to the current social reality. Competencies such as the ability to work in a team have become essential for the successful implementation of innovative methodologies in which student participation is particularly relevant. Student acceptance is key to the success of any teaching methodology; however, the influence of group work skills on satisfaction with innovative methodologies such as project-based learning has not yet been tested among university students. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore the association between group work competencies and satisfaction with PBL. A total sample of 359 students from two Spanish universities participated in the research. Our results reveal that there is a significant and positive relationship between competencies related to group work and satisfaction with PBL. In addition, a multiple regression analysis shows that the competencies “Conception of group work,” “Usefulness of group work,” “Planning of group work by teachers,” and “Group norms” increase satisfaction with the use of the PBL methodology. This work expands our knowledge about the role in increasing students’ satisfaction that is played by the ability of college students to work as a team. These findings could also guide teachers interested in new teaching methodologies.

The detection of deception poses one of the main challenges in policing and security environment. It is the inherent goal of security to detect and prevent unlawful events to happen. This is especially true for aviation security as airports continue to constitute attractive targets for terrorist attacks. In consequence, law enforcement agencies are seeking effective and efficient solutions for ensuring high-level security and are often adopting approaches that include behaviour detection. This pressing need for solutions provides ground for pseudoscientific suggestions and methods as those that are cited in an article of the References section. Despite this justified criticism, options to overcome the dangers of pseudoscience are not offered. Therefore, this paper provides a first common standard for conducting research in aviation security for scientists and for practitioners. It highlights several factors that are important to consider before conducting research on behaviour detection. Furthermore, this paper aims to empower experts in the field of aviation security to recognize valid and reliable solutions (e.g., programs, methods, tools) and discusses the relevance as well as the challenges of conducting applied research in the field of aviation security.