In this paper, we examine the initial reception of Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks in Italy at the turn of the 1950s, focusing in particular on the case of Ernesto De Martino. Studying this reception allows us to identify the real issues at stake, at the intersection of social philosophy and the philosophy of history. Our argument is based on several Gramscian concepts such as: subaltern social groups, past traditions, and active modes of survival in religious folklore. Through the transformations in…
Read moreIn this paper, we examine the initial reception of Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks in Italy at the turn of the 1950s, focusing in particular on the case of Ernesto De Martino. Studying this reception allows us to identify the real issues at stake, at the intersection of social philosophy and the philosophy of history. Our argument is based on several Gramscian concepts such as: subaltern social groups, past traditions, and active modes of survival in religious folklore. Through the transformations initiated by De Martino, we show how these concepts are articulated and gradually converge around the following question: under what conditions can the past become revolutionary? We thus develop a new conception of the margins of history in Notebook 25, where the dehumanisation and naturalisation of the subalterns go hand in hand. Far from reducing the subalterns to silence, this very radical conception of the history of oppression calls for a positive study of past religious and folkloric traditions, considered as the embodied archives of a denied history. The awakening and mobilisation of the past will then make it possible to move beyond a purely event-based conception of revolutionary rupture.