Matilde Ghelardini

In this article, we aim to explore the numerous theatrical critiques offered by the existentialist philosopher and playwright Gabriel Marcel regarding the Parisian presentations of the dramatic works of Luigi Pirandello, with particular focus on Six Characters in Search of an Author. Our endeavour is to mention some commonalities and disparities between Marcel’s perspective and that of Pirandello. Among the shared themes are the nuanced differentiation between the incarnate corporeity of the character and the material one of the actor, the awareness of the tragic essence of existence and the recognition of a certain degree of autonomy among the characters, not only towards the actors who interpret them, but also towards the author who originally conceived them. Conversely, some distinctions between the two perspectives also emerge, particularly concerning the character’s form, the role of the actor and that of the mask.

In questo articolo cercheremo di ripercorrere i tre momenti attraverso i quali Gabriel Marcel scandisce la sua ricerca filosofica della verità. Per descrivere le due estremità della conoscenza da cui la ricerca marceliana della verità parte e a cui arriva, ossia il sentire e la trascendenza, abbiamo deciso di accogliere il suggerimento di Paul Ricoeur e, quindi, di seguire due testi di Marcel che si presentano quali importantissimi manifesti metodologici: "Esistenza ed oggettività" e "Posizione e approcci concreti del mistero ontologico".

Obiettivo di questo articolo sarà presentare l’analisi fenomenologica e teoretica che Sartre propone del concetto di malafede, a partire dal romanzo La Nausea fino all’opera L’essere e il nulla. Ricostruendo il procedimento sartriano, che dall’atteggiamento interrogativo dell’uomo di fronte all’essere porta alla posizione del non-essere, giungeremo alla libertà e all’angoscia, quali caratteri costitutivi dell’essenza umana. Il tentativo di fuggire dalla libertà, a cui per Sartre siamo condannati, e dall’angoscia che da essa deriva, condurrà l’uomo sartriano all’autoinganno, ad una vita inautentica… alla malafede.

Is it possible to establish a line of research that brings Gabriel Marcel and Jean-Paul Sartre closer together? With this article, we will positively support this idea, by distancing ourselves from the overly rigid interpretations that exclusively focus on antinomic elements sliding into a reductionist and nowadays “canonical” presentation of the relationship between these philosophers. Beyond the undeniable and, fortunately, unmediated differences between the two philosophers, this article aims to investigate their positions regarding the concept of “relationship”. In doing so, we will highlight how Gabriel Marcel’s “coesse” and Jean-Paul Sartre’s “being-for-others” have numerous points of contact that place both philosophers, beyond their personal positions in the religious sphere, within the common ground of “existentialism”.