Maureen Murphy

This paper makes the case for the regional scale as a space for resilient, sustainable food system transformation. Drawing from the literature and using the example of the Food Learning and Growing (FLOW) Partnership, we propose a hybrid methodology to explore, monitor and track enablers, barriers and changes over time. FLOW includes ten food regions where we are tracking various dimensions of transformation. The regional food systems capacities framework introduced herein is the theoretical basis for our work and frames our research. This framework underpins our research approach that includes developing multi-actor groups to guide our research and using collective visioning and impact pathways to map changes. Impact pathway maps help identify indicators to monitor and track changes and follow the paths to transformation. The indicators are brought to life through stories of change that will be shared across the research project to inform and catalyze ideas between regions. The stories will also be shared outside the FLOW partnership to inform and inspire others who seek to transform their food systems. Our goal is to understand the socio-ecological, economic, human and governance capacities that facilitate transformation from industrial food systems to ones that realize fair livelihoods, the right to food, food security, and ecological integrity.

Food systems are being affected by multiple shocks related to climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical events. Food prices and food insecurity are rising globally as a result, raising questions about the effective governance of food security during shocks. This paper critically examines the governance of food security in Melbourne, Australia during a major food system shock, the COVID-19 pandemic. It draws on document analysis and 34 stakeholder interviews with 41 participants from government, industry and civil society between May 2020 and March 2021. The paper examines the role of these actors in governance mechanisms for two important aspects of food system governance during the COVID-19 pandemic, continuity of food supply and delivery of emergency food relief. Clark et al.’s (2021) “governance engagement continuum” is used to show how civil society groups were excluded from these formal governance mechanisms, instead establishing their own spaces of “self-governance”. The resilience aims associated with these governance mechanisms are also analyzed using Zurek et al.’s (2022) “three R’s” (robustness, recovery and reorientation) framework. Our study highlights the significant role of food industry actors in the continuity of food supply and delivery of emergency food relief, and it shows the vulnerabilities of emergency food relief that depends on industry food “surpluses” as a model for addressing food insecurity during food system shocks. We conclude that greater government leadership is needed in the governance of food security during food system shocks, and in implementation of legislative and policy approaches that are grounded in the human right to food.

As power has become the pre-eminent design constraint for future HPC systems, computational efficiency is being emphasized over simply peak performance. Recently, static benchmark codes have been used to find a power efficient architecture. Unfortunately, because compilers generate sub-optimal code, benchmark performance can be a poor indicator of the performance potential of architecture design points. Therefore, we present hardware/software cotuning as a novel approach for system design, in which traditional architecture space exploration is tightly coupled with software auto-tuning for delivering substantial improvements in area and power efficiency. We demonstrate the proposed methodology by exploring the parameter space of a Tensilica-based multi-processor running three of the most heavily used kernels in scientific computing, each with widely varying micro-architectural requirements: sparse matrix vector multiplication, stencil-based computations, and general matrix-matrix multiplication. Results demonstrate that co-tuning significantly improves hardware area and energy efficiency - a key driver for next generation of HPC system design. Copyright 2009 ACM.

This book explores how some word meanings are paradigmatically related to each other, for example, as opposites or synonyms, and how they relate to the mental organization of our vocabularies. Traditional approaches claim that such relationships are part of our lexical knowledge (our "dictionary" of mentally stored words) but Lynne Murphy argues that lexical relationships actually constitute our "metalinguistic" knowledge. The book draws on a century of previous research, including word association experiments, child language, and the use of synonyms and antonyms in text.

The ideal introduction for students of semantics, Lexical Meaning fills the gap left by more general semantics textbooks, providing the teacher and the student with insights into word meaning beyond the traditional overviews of lexical relations. The book explores the relationship between word meanings and syntax and semantics more generally. It provides a balanced overview of the main theoretical approaches, along with a lucid explanation of their relative strengths and weaknesses. After covering the main topics in lexical meaning, such as polysemy and sense relations, the textbook surveys the types of meanings represented by different word classes. It explains abstract concepts in clear language, using a wide range of examples, and includes linguistic puzzles in each chapter to encourage the student to practise using the concepts. 'Adopt-a-Word' exercises give students the chance to research a particular word, building a portfolio of specialist work on a single word.