Michael J. McGravey

Catholic theology in the postmodern era has encountered various cultural or narrative shifts—both negative and positive—which have helped shape the Roman Catholic Church and Christianity at large. Negatively, the Church has been affected by external factors (e.g., globalization, immigration/emigration, increased access to technology, etc.) and internal struggles (e.g., reduced church attendance, an aging population, etc.). Positively, as others have suggested, postmodernity has ushered in a return to religion through new philosophical and theological ideas (e.g., phenomenology, existentialism, post-metaphysics, etc.). This dissertation aims to contribute to the ongoing postmodern concerns addressed in the cultural and narrative shifts, by focusing on the work of Jean-Luc Marion and Gianni Vattimo. The emphasis of this project focuses on the use of metaphysics as the foundational tool of theology and its corresponding limitations. This project also illuminates a central tenet of Christianity, caritas. Marion and Vattimo address caritas as that which should be the focal point of postmodern theology. Addressing this attribute of Christianity, this project observes the possibility of a ‘return to religion,’ one that reflects the postmodern exploration of religion by the several philosophers addressed herein. While this dissertation avoids offering a reconstruction of theology or, more specifically ecclesiology, it aims to re-establish the importance of philosophy, metaphysics, and caritas in the postmodern context.

This essay maintains that the ideal American democracy necessitates a fair, equitable, and just education system. This fair system would subsequently create an educated electorate to then select their representatives, vote on policy amendments or changes, and remain informed on issues that affect all aspects of life in this representative democracy. It pays special attention to the racial inequities that continue to exist due to an unjust taxation and funding system, corrupt political bodies, and the urban-suburban divide. Relying on the Founding Fathers, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, and contemporary sociologists and economists, this essay identifies key factors which continue to divide the American educational system. The essay contends that such inequities, political actions aimed at the elimination of content or curriculum, and the continued underfunding of American school systems puts the long-term viability of our democracy in peril.