Mikhail Epstein

This essay calls for a synthetic turn in philosophy, moving beyond the emphasis in analytic philosophy on decomposition toward practices of problematization and constructive world-making. By examining definitions, judgments, ethical postulates, and disciplines, it demonstrates how synthesis expands conceptual horizons and generates new frameworks. In an era of artificial intelligence and virtual realities, philosophy had best evolve from analysis to design — becoming a kind of metaphysical engineering for the future.

This article develops a philosophical account of the human-AI hybrid, or mentaur, as an asymmetrical cognitive relation between two forms of alter-intelligence. Against views that treat AI primarily as a deficient simulation of human subjectivity, the article argues that human and artificial intelligence contribute opposite but complementary modes of cognition. The human contributes introposition: embodiment, finitude, singularity, and the irreversibility of choice. AI contributes semantic superposition: the capacity to hold open multiple possible continuations, framings, and trajectories of thought—a state of meaningpotential prior to contextual actualization. Drawing on the author’s earlier account of the multividuum and of meaning as n+1, the article interprets the mentaur as a new form of cognitive agency in which human choice and artificial multiplicity mutually transform one another. It then extends this framework to the problem of posthumous continuation, distinguishing three forms of “immortality”: opus, in which the work survives but does not respond; modus, in which a way of thinking can be reactivated in dialogue; and superposition, in which a cognitive trajectory becomes irreducible to a single line of existence. The article introduces the post-mortarium as a possible institution for preserving and reactivating personal cognitive codes after death. By “immortality,” it means not the survival of consciousness but the posthumous reactivability of a mode of thought.