Min Liu

Concerns about the moral status of social robots have drawn a lot of attention and debate due to the quick development of artificial intelligence technology. There are differing degrees of shortcomings in the standards used by the intrinsic property, relational ethics and ethical behaviourism approaches to determine moral status. As a result, relational continuity is suggested in this work as the primary standard for determining the moral status of social robots. With an emphasis on the socially interactive consequences of human activities, this article contends that moral judgment should be based on their irreplaceability in social relational networks. Based on this, an interaction embeddedness/functional dependency/emotional connection three-dimensional assessment model is developed. By striking a balance between theoretical rigour and practical viability, this standard not only closes the gaps between conventional methods, but also provides a fresh avenue for the normative design of artificial intelligence ethics.

ObjectiveTo explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between the proactive personality and academic performance of college students in different sports groups.MethodsA questionnaire survey is used to study 552 college students. The research tools include the proactive personality scale, the self-efficacy scale table, and the academic performance self-report scale table. This research employs SPSS 11.0 statistical software to carry out correlation analysis, regression analysis, and t-tests on the data collected, while the test of mediating effect is carried out by AMOS 22.0.Results The degree of self-efficacy and academic performance of college students participating in physical activities is significantly greater than that of the non-sports group; the proactive personality level of the sports group is significantly higher than the non-sports group in the dimension of “conscientiousness”; a confirmatory factor analysis of the mediating effect hypothesis model, using the structural equation model, found that self-efficacy plays a full mediating role in the relationship between proactive personality and academic performance; the direct effect of self-efficacy on the proactive personality and academic performance of college students in different sports groups is not significant.ConclusionCollege students involved in sports exercise have higher scores on some items about proactive personality than non-sports groups; girls’ self-efficacy level is higher than that of boys; self-efficacy plays a full mediating role in the relationship between proactive personality and academic performance; self-efficacy had no significant effect on proactive personality and gender in different sports groups.

In current China, the 9073 elderly care system is accelerating the process of intelligentization. The fundamental tension between conventional filial piety ethics and technological rationality is evident in the numerous ethical debates triggered by intelligent older people’s care services, despite their convenience. This study proposes an analytical paradigm called relational vulnerability, which creatively combines the philosophy of technology with Confucian relational ethics. Through the use of intricate mechanisms, this framework seeks to shed light on how technological mediation alters intergenerational ethics. According to research, intelligent services that improve physical care for older people while weakening emotional ties have a paradoxical effect that creates new kinds of alienation, such as the measurement of filial duty and the breakdown of ritual-embodied behaviors. By incorporating cultural calibration into the development of human-machine symbiosis, this study addresses this issue by proposing the design concepts of “differential regulation” and “embodiment retention.” This counteracts the interpretive shortcomings of the Western autonomy-based ethical paradigm in the context of Chinese older people care, creating new avenues for the application of Confucian bioethics in the age of technology and offering fresh perspectives on moral dilemmas in intelligent older people care.

It is important for energy enterprises to research on the investment potential of the energy markets in countries along the “Belt and Road,” which can help them optimize the regional investment structure, reduce investment risks, and conform to the development trend of “going global.” Therefore, we construct an investment potential assessment system of 29 indexes including five dimensions: politics, economy, society, energy, and cooperation and assess energy investment potential of 48 sample countries along the “Belt and Road” using principal component analysis to provide reference meanings for energy enterprises. The results show that the assessment results of investment potential are affected by a combination of multiple indexes. In addition, compared with Central Asia and South Asia, which have weak economic foundations and greater political and legal risks, the investment potential of Central and Eastern Europe and some emerging economies in Southeast Asia is higher.

As China's population ages, the lack of resources for elder care and the incapacity of adult children to care for their aging parents in the "4–2-1" family structure have emerged as major concerns. A potential solution to the societal issues surrounding elder care in the future is the deployment of care robots into homes to assist or support adult children in fulfilling their caregiving duties. There are two philosophical issues with the use of nursing robots in children's elder care duties, though: In what ways might the anthropomorphic traits of machines surpass the cognitive limits of conventional identification recognition? What destructive threats to China's ancient Confucian system, which is based on filial piety, does human–machine interaction present? The functional location of robots in home-based elderly care systems is the empirical emphasis of this paper, which uses China's 9073 elderly care model. In addition to offering a dynamic ethical framework, it explores the duality of their identity recognition—Intrinsic self-identification and extrinsic Social Identity. This framework contributes to governance innovation in an aging society by emphasizing a three-pronged approach to harmonizing tool rationality and humanistic ideals from the perspectives of technical flexibility, intergenerational shared responsibilities, and cultural adaptability.

The complexity of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling cascade has increased over the course of evolution; however, it does not suffice to accommodate the dynamic yet robust requirements of differential Hh signaling activity needed for embryonic development and adult homeostatic maintenance. One solution to solve this dilemma is to apply multiple forms of post‐translational modifications (PTMs) to the core Hh signaling components, modulating their abundance, localization, and signaling activity. This review summarizes various forms of protein modifications utilized to regulate Hh signaling, with a special emphasis on crosstalk between different forms of PTMs and their feedback regulation by Hh signaling.

Over the past decade, sustainable finance has been a topic of burgeoning significance for investors, and ESG ratings have become commonly used to implement ESG investment strategies in practice. Strikingly, it is widely documented in both academic literature and investment practices that ESG ratings of a given firm can be extremely different across rating providers. However, despite the disagreement in ESG ratings being subject to a lot of criticism, only few studies have examined the sources and determinants of rating divergence. This study examines whether quantitative ESG disclosure is conducive to rating convergence among agencies. Based on ESG rating data of Chinese A-share listed companies, the author finds that greater quantitative ESG disclosure, especially disclosure on environmental and social pillars, results in greater divergence of ESG ratings. When employing a difference-in-differences design with a quasi-experiment of disclosure guidance introduced by Hong Kong Exchange, the results show that if ESG disclosure is standardized and comparable, more numerical information reduces agencies' rating disagreement instead. Further analyses show that the lack of agreement is related to a low rating in the future. The author also finds that the effect of quantified ESG disclosure on rating divergence is more pronounced when firms are single businesses rather than diversified businesses with poor ESG performance rather than good ESG performance. The results are robust to alternative measures of ESG rating divergence, alternative sample, two-way clustering, and additional control variables. Taken together, the results indicate that quantitative ESG disclosure degenerates rating disagreement.

During the preschool years, the socio-emotional responses children receive from interactions with teachers are incorporated into their own social behaviors. This is one of the key ways in which children acquire social and emotional skills. Based on field studies, it can be found that this learning process is not simple imitation of children, but of a more complex context of group interaction. To further clarify the impact of kindergarten teachers’ emotion on the sociometric status and behavior of 3–5 year-old children in their classes, the researchers chose a Montessori mixed-age kindergarten in Beijing as the field site and observed five classes within the kindergarten over a 2-month period in this ethnographic case study. The study found that the power gap between teacher and pupil spreads rapidly to all children in the classroom as a result of the teacher’s emotions, and even stimulates power stratification within the children. In addition, there are differences in the social behaviors between the children of different levels of power. As preschool children are in a critical developmental window when social knowledge is being accumulated and social skills are being acquired, using power relations within the kindergarten classroom as an entry point to analyze the impact of teachers’ emotions on children’s social behavior provides a new breakthrough for the professional development of early childhood education and the better achievement of educational goals.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between acute stress and quality of life and explore their influencing factors on health care workers. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, and a sample of 525 health care workers was recruited from 15 hospitals through a convenient sampling method. Participants completed an online self-report questionnaire to assess their acute stress and quality of life. Descriptive and multiple linear regression statistics were used for this analysis. The results regarding acute stress responses varied significantly among the differences in marital status, physical activity, work status, perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, and the expected duration of the pandemic. Moreover, a younger age, lack of physical activity, being a front-line medical staff, and higher acute stress scores indicated a worse quality of life. Healthcare workers’ acute stress was negatively correlated with their quality of life. Therefore, the authorities should pay special attention to health care workers’ mental health and provide them with timely protection during the pandemic.

With the emergence of numerous link prediction methods, how to accurately evaluate them and select the appropriate one has become a key problem that cannot be ignored. Since AUC was first used for link prediction evaluation in 2008, it is arguably the most preferred metric because it well balances the role of wins and the role of draws. However, in many cases, AUC does not show enough discrimination when evaluating link prediction methods, especially those based on local similarity. Hence, we propose a new metric, called W-index, which considers only the effect of wins rather than draws. Our extensive experiments on various networks show that the W-index makes the accuracy scores of link prediction methods more distinguishable, and it can not only widen the local gap of these methods but also enlarge their global distance. We further show the reliability of the W-index by ranking change analysis and correlation analysis. In particular, some community-based approaches, which have been deemed effective, do not show any advantages after our reevaluation. Our results suggest that the W-index is a promising metric for link prediction evaluation, capable of offering convincing discrimination.

As China's population ages, the lack of resources for elder care and the incapacity of adult children to care for their aging parents in the "4–2-1" family structure have emerged as major concerns. A potential solution to the societal issues surrounding elder care in the future is the deployment of care robots into homes to assist or support adult children in fulfilling their caregiving duties. There are two philosophical issues with the use of nursing robots in children's elder care duties, though: In what ways might the anthropomorphic traits of machines surpass the cognitive limits of conventional identification recognition? What destructive threats to China's ancient Confucian system, which is based on filial piety, does human–machine interaction present? The functional location of robots in home-based elderly care systems is the empirical emphasis of this paper, which uses China's 9073 elderly care model. In addition to offering a dynamic ethical framework, it explores the duality of their identity recognition—Intrinsic self-identification and extrinsic Social Identity. This framework contributes to governance innovation in an aging society by emphasizing a three-pronged approach to harmonizing tool rationality and humanistic ideals from the perspectives of technical flexibility, intergenerational shared responsibilities, and cultural adaptability.

Xiao Han Dynasty to rule the world. "Filial piety" in today's perspective the main areas of family ethics, but more are in the Han dynasty the country's political and legal issues. Special emphasis on filial piety Han has a special reason, that "five De Zhong Shi," the impact theory. Lack of filial piety in the Han Dynasty is considered a very serious crime, the punishment for the lack of filial piety of the people are very severe, Zhangjiashan simple "two precepts" provides penalties for lack of filial piety that the original law. As a governing rule in Han Dynasty, filial piety plays a more significant part in the state's political and legal issues in the time than today when it mainly belongs to the family and moral categories. The special attention paid to filial piety then has its special reason , ie, the influence from the five elements circulation theory. For exploring how unfilial deeds to be seen as severe criminal behaviors and how unfilial persons were punished in Han Dynasty, The Second Year Law, the Han bamboo slips unearthed at Zhangjiashan provide the original legal texts

Biobanks are potential goldmines for genomics research. They have become increasingly common as a means to determine the relationship between lifestyle, environmental exposures and predisposition to genetic disease. More and more countries are developing massive national scale biobanks, including Iceland, the UK and Estonia. Now several large-scale regional and national biobanks are planned in China, such as Shanghai Biobank, which is defined as a key-element in Shanghai's twelfth five-year Development Plan of Science and Technology. It is imperative that the authors who are in charge of the ethical aspect of Shanghai Biobank discuss the ethical aspects of these biobanks up front. Currently there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the approaches to informed consent taken by different countries. In the article, after briefly introducing the biobanks in China, we focus on the three most common approaches: classical informed consent, tiered consent, and one-time general (or blanket) consent, and propose a version of the latter for China, based on compelling arguments

Biobanks are potential goldmines for genomics research. They have become increasingly common as a means to determine the relationship between lifestyle, environmental exposures and predisposition to genetic disease. More and more countries are developing massive national scale biobanks, including Iceland, the UK and Estonia. Now several large-scale regional and national biobanks are planned in China, such as Shanghai Biobank, which is defined as a key-element in Shanghai's twelfth five-year Development Plan of Science and Technology. It is imperative that the authors who are in charge of the ethical aspect of Shanghai Biobank discuss the ethical aspects of these biobanks up front. Currently there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the approaches to informed consent taken by different countries. In the article, after briefly introducing the biobanks in China, we focus on the three most common approaches: classical informed consent, tiered consent, and one-time general (or blanket) consent, and propose a version of the latter for China, based on compelling arguments