Mohamed Almisbkawy

This paper argues that logical concepts and rules are formal articulations of metaphysical principles, which are conceptual expressions of the First Principle, often embodied in a culture's creation myth. We also aim to clarify the impact of the difference in the creation principle between Greek and Arab civilizations on the relationship between Arab thinkers and Aristotelian logic. Initially, we presented the relationship between the concept of the axiom (or postulate) and the concept of the divinity. We then presented how Greek logical thought evolved from the creation principle in Greek mythology, represented by the principle of exclusion, leading subsequently to the dominance of binary thought . we addressed the impact of the creation principle in Arab civilization, which is creation from nothing, where the creation principle is embodied in the absolute divine power, in contrast to the creation principle in Greece, where the principle of exclusion is a principle that transcends the gods. Theologians (Ibn Taymiyyah): Criticized the absolute Law of Non Contradiction, suggesting a logic based on the Sacred Text for rational debate, hinting at a logic of speech acts beyond declarative propositions. 1 This paper was presented during my contribution in the 4th World Congress on Logic and Religion Sinaia, Romania- September 3-8, 2023  Associate Professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, Fayoum University. مجلت كليت الآداب جامعت الفيوم ) الانسانياث والعلوم الاجتماعيت( مج 17 ، ع 1 )يناير( 2025 (The difference in the creation principle …) Dr. Mohamed Ali Almisbkawy 2784 1 1.. Philosophers: Ibn Sīnā transformed Aristotle's time--bound causal chain into one linked to the Absolute Divine Will via the Ontological Argument. This introduced a third value, which was impossible in Aristotle's bivalent metaphysics and logic. We then presented the subsequent dominance of the concept of Will in contemporary Western philosophy, which led to attempts to overcome the bivalent Western thought.

This paper examines the religious and mythological foundations of some central principles of Western logic, especially the laws of non-contradiction and excluded middle. It traces those logical laws to the very beginning of the Greek creation myth. The foundation of Greek metaphysics and logic was the principle of exclusion, first expressed in Greek myth, then conceptualized in early Greek philosophy, and finally formalized in Aristotelian logic. The paper traces this exclusionary framework through Anaximander, Parmenides, Aristotle, Hume, Leibniz, Hegel, Carnap, and contemporary non-classical logics. It also asks whether paraconsistent, paracomplete, and many-valued logics genuinely surpass exclusion, or merely relocate exclusion at a higher metalinguistic level. Finally, the paper contrasts this Western framework with Buddhist catuskoti and the metaphysics of no-self, arguing that non-Western traditions may offer alternative forms of rationality that should not be reduced to Western logical categories.