Mohammadhani Ja'farian

To answer the question about manner of "ascribing the morality law to nature law in Kant's opinion", after explaining the moot point's past, this article shows that many philosophers before and after Kant, have not permitted the violation of morality law from nature law. Then it is shown that following this approach, Kant is also wishful to ascribe morality law to nature law. In order to do this, Kant has studied the manner of nature's formation in pure wisdom, firstly and seeks it from sensible phenomena to pure wisdom's ideas. In the following, he studies the manner of moral phenomena from the reasonable form of free will to construct a moral world. In his opinion, these two dependant paths, have been profited from unifying rules of wisdom's ideas and regnant rules of understanding formats. So, in this way, these two dependant ways, can't disobey the existing discipline and unity in the world and the regnant rules.

The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate the parallels between Avicenna’s and Plato’s ethical philosophies through an examination of Avicenna’s endorsement of the concept of a wise ruler as the lawmaker of ethical principles. Embracing the theory of the wise ruler has profound implications in Avicenna’s ethics. This study delves into four consequences that arise from Avicenna’s acceptance of this theory. Firstly, by employing this theory, Avicenna endeavors to establish a unified source for governmental, religious, and moral laws, thereby merging these three categories of laws. Secondly, the utilization of this theory gives rise to a distinctive conception of the human being, reminiscent of Plato’s depiction in the Myth of the Cave, which bears striking resemblance to Avicenna’s perspective. Thirdly, accepting this theory establishes a foundation for the relationship between the ruler and the general public, founded upon their trust in the ruler’s expertise in legislation. Lastly, this theory engenders the establishment of a form of metaethics, consequently facilitating the construction of an ethical system. These themes are discernible in both Avicenna’s ethical works and Plato’s republic and laws.