Morteza Nasiri

Historical terminology, the same as human history, has encountered many ups and downs during its time, and consequently has acquired its own meaning and position in any specific field. Most of these terminologies occupy their social and meaningful positions in socio-political domains, and make the body of the administrative and secretarial terms of different historical ages in Iran. The focus of the present article is on showing the urgent need for gathering explanations of administrative terms in different historical ages. It also surveys the changes of meaning of these terms and codifies the thesauruses in this field.

BackgroundMeasuring the outcomes of palliative care plays an important role to improve the quality, efficiency, and availability of these services in patients with cancer. Using valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate tools has a considerable role to measure these outcomes. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the translated version of the Palliative care Outcome Scale.MethodsThis methodological study was conducted in two outpatient clinics related to Shohada Tajrish and Baqiyatallah hospitals in Tehran in 2019–2020. The translation was done using the Forward-Backward approach after gaining permission from the developer. Face validity was tested with 10 patients with cancer through cognitive interviewing, as well as content validity with four experts. Construct validity was performed by exploratory factor analysis and confirmation. To assess the reliability, internal consistency was assessed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and relative stability was assessed using the interclass correlation coefficient. Furthermore, interpretability and ceiling and floor effects were assessed.ResultsA total of 353 patients with cancer under palliative care were included in the study. Then, three psychological, physical, and social factors with a cumulative variance of 54.34% were extracted in exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model has a good fit of information. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for scale was 0.719. Furthermore, the ICC was 0.812. The scale was interpretable, and ceiling and floor effects were 0%.ConclusionPersian version of the POS was evaluated as a valid and reliable tool. Therefore, it can be used by the clinician to monitor the consequences of palliative care in Iranian cancer patients.

Background and Objectives: The pain and anxiety experienced by burn patients during dressing change cannot be thoroughly controlled by painkillers and anxiolytics. Evidence has documented that reciting the name of God can positively impact the reduction of pain and anxiety caused by aggressive procedures. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of reciting the name of God on the pain and anxiety caused by dressing change in patients with burn injuries. Methods: The present clinical trial study was performed on 71 patients admitted to the burn ward of Nekouei-Hedayati-Forghani Hospital affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Patients were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups using the stratified randomization method. Thereafter, 10 min before dressing change, the patients in the experimental group were asked to recite the name of God, while the cases in the control group received the routine care. Patients' pain intensity was measured before mentioning the name of God and immediately after dressing change. Anxiety caused by burn pain was measured before mentioning the name of God, before dressing change, immediately after dressing change, and 15 min later. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The mean age of participants was reported as 44.59±9.13. The result of the independent t-test showed that the mean score of pain immediately after dressing change was found to be lower in the intervention group, compared to the control group. Moreover, the result of pair t-test in the intervention group demonstrated that the mean score of pain-induced anxiety was lower immediately after dressing change, in comparison with the time before reciting the name Of God. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, reciting the name of God can reduce the anxiety and pain associated with wound dressing changes in burn patients. Therefore, it is suggested that the name of God be used along with pharmaceutical interventions to control pain and anxiety experienced at dressing change.

Background and Objectives: The religious needs of hospitalized patients are reportedly not appropriately met. The purpose of this study was to explain the experiences of nurses about the barriers to providing religious care for hospitalized patients. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on 21 nurses working in a hospital affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, in 2017, using the conventional content analysis. Data collection was performed using semi-structured interviews lasting about 60-95 min. Results: The barriers related to the nursing staff included efforts to meet the patient’s physical needs, not giving priority to religious care, lack of knowledge and skills, ambiguity in religious care, poor motivation for nursing, routine work, belief that religious care provision is apart from nursing duty, inability in communicating with the patient, lack of holistic care, and belief that religion is personal. In addition, the barriers related to the patient entailed the lack of patient's request for religious care, lack of knowledge about religious care as a part of nursing care, and physical condition. Finally, the management-related barriers pertained to the lack of facilities, including insufficient space, lack of religious books in the departments, lack of sand for Tayammum, lack of a prayer room, not facing the patients toward Qiblah, high workload, crowded wards, and nursing staff shortage. Conclusion: Nurses should consider religious care in hospitals as an important aspect of nursing care and receive necessary instruction on holistic care. Furthermore, nurses interested in this domain should receive support for the delivery of religious care.