Motoi Ono

Kajiyama has argued that the basis for the concept of _jāti_ (false rejoinder) as described in the _Nyāyasūtra_ is the concept _xiang ying_ (相応) as found in the _Fangbian xin lun_ (方便心論). Kajiyama has also shown that the sophistic arguments called _xiang ying_ are very similar to the _prasaṅga_ arguments of Nāgārjuna, the founder of the Madhyamaka school. It thus seems worthwhile to investigate how later Mādhyamika philosophers treated the concept of _jāti_ that originally appeared as the result of the _Nyāyasūtra’s_ criticism of the concept _xiang ying_ and was later accepted by Buddhist logicians such as Dignāga. This paper shows that there were two entirely opposite Mādhyamika positions regarding the concept of _jāti_. In order to demonstrate this difference, this paper examines in detail statements about _jāti_s that appear in various treatises, especially two works by Bhāviveka and three works by Candrakīrti. As the result, it becomes clear that the differences in the two positions correspond essentially to the differences in how Dignāgaʼs logic was evaluated by the so-called Svātantrika and Prāsaṅgika within the Madhyamaka school.

English summary: The Pramanavarttikalamkara of Prajnakaragupta is a commentary on Dharmakirtis Pramanavarttika. A manuscript of the text in Sanskrit was discovered by Rahula Sankrtyayana, and the same scholar published its first edition in 1953. Since this edition princeps was made without using all available materials and since the methodological procedures are unsatisfying in many other respects, too, any further reflection on the thoughts and ideas of Prajnakaragupta presupposes a new critical edition. Ono's work is a well done first step in that direction. The edited text comprises the first section of the Pramanavarttikalamkara, which is concerned with the definition of valid cognition. Besides the manuscript, the Tibetan translation and the commentaries, use has been made of all other available sources, including on first place secondary testimonies. German description: Der Sanskrit-Text des von Prajnakaragupta verfaaten Pramanavarttikalamkara, eines Kommentars zu Dharmakirtis Pramanavarttika, wurde 1953 von Rahula Sankrtyayana, dem Entdecker des Manuskripts dieses Werkes, ediert und publiziert. Da diese editio princeps nicht auf alle heute verfugbaren Materialien gestutzt ist und die Methodik des Editierens auch in anderen Bereichen den heutigen Anforderungen nicht gerecht wird, ist eine neue, kritische Edition als Grundlage fur jede weitere Auseinandersetzung mit Prajnakaraguptas Gedanken notwendig. Onos neues Buch stellt den ersten gegluckten Schritt in diese Richtung dar. Ediert ist der erste Abschnitt des Werkes, der sich mit der Definition gultiger Erkenntnis beschaftigt. Neben dem Manuskript, der tibetischen Ubersetzung und den Kommentaren wurden auch alle anderen verfugbaren Quellen, vor allem sekundare Textzeugen, herangezogen.