Muhammad Imran

How should we theorize Sufi ethics when the practice of zikr (remembrance) that leads to spiritual enlightenment (tazkiyya) might also bring one to the brink of majzubiyat (madness)? What forms of regulation or restraint are imagined or enacted by practitioners to prevent spiritual boundlessness from perverting into its underside of paralysis (faalij)? Drawing on three ethnographic scenes among practitioners of the Naqshbandia Awaisia Sufi order in Pakistan, I examine zikr as a practice that cultivates states of divine awareness and consciousness while simultaneously exposing practitioners to the risk of ethical and experiential breakdown. I show how the disciplinary techniques meant to refine the nafs (base soul) are also feared to interrupt the embodied, relational, and ethical capacities through which practitioners sustain presence in social and moral life. This tension unsettles an ethical horizon of “perfectibility”, understood as cumulative refinement through discipline, and instead foregrounds a creative and at times transgressive labor of modulating devotional intensity so that movement toward God does not pervert into estrangement from both God and the world. I argue that through this labor ethical life comes to be organized by the improvisational and oscillatory temporality of protective interruptions that attend to the vicissitudes of the nafs, rather than by the temporality of habituation and incremental refinement.

This paper focuses on diaspora-related issues in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake (2003). Furthermore, the paper analyses the characters’ understating of identity and how it reflects through the characters’ ‘(not)belonging’ and a conflict of ‘(not)betweenness.’ This research seeks an answer to the questions: 1. What is the role of culture and memory in Indian American life? And 2. How do Indian Americans struggle for cultural, diasporic, and personal names as an identity? In The Namesake, the characters’ struggles are examined through the works of Bhabha (1994), Chambers and Herbert (2015), and Gowricharn (2022). A textual analysis of this novel is significant to understand diasporic relations with the ‘culture,’ ‘memory,’ ‘dual identity’ and the idea of ‘home’ from the context of twenty-first-century. To conclude, two generations’ stories from India to America bring a sense of ‘(non)belongings’ and ‘(non)betweenness’ as being “other.”

Therefore, there should be an effort to prevent and to fight against the drug abuse and illicit trafficking in Penitentiary. But, in handling narcotic in Penitentiary there is conflict of authority between National Narcotic Agency (BNN) which is in charge to carry out the drug abuse and narcotic circulation and the authority in the Penitentiary. BNN which is incharge to make and to implement the policies of preventing, fighting against the drug abuse and narcotic circulation works based on : the Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning on the Narcotic, although prior to that, there are such laws as Instructions of President No. 6 of 1971, Presidential Decree No. 116 of 1999 about National Drug Coordination Body, Presidential Decree No. 17 of 2002 on the National Narcotic Agency (BNN), Presidential Regulation No. 83 of 2007 on the National Narcotic Agency (BNN), Provincial Narcotic Agency and District Narcotic Agency, and Presidential Regulation No. 23 of 2010 on National Narcotic Agency (BNN). Then, the implementation of the functional relation between National Narcotic Agency and Penitentiary in handling narcotic in penitentiary has not been going well due to the duty-related conflict of authority and that should be synchronized by applying the principle of Lex Specialist Derogat Legi Generalist. Thus, it is necessary to make a good functional pattern of relation between National Narcotic Agency and Penitentiary in handling the narcotic in Penitentiary in the future. The pattern should be a coordinated relation that is preventive and repressive based on the MoU between National Narcotic Agency and Penitentiary. Keywords : Functional Relation, National Narcotic Agency (BNN) and Penitentiary (Lapas)

In this study, we examine the equity premium of seventeen nonfinancial sectors covering sample 306 firms using monthly data from January 2002 to December 2018. Two-stage least square method is applied to estimate the macro-based multifactor model. It is found that the market premium and the interest rate factors are significantly affecting the industry equity premium of all the nonfinancial sectors. However, there exists a positive effect of other macroeconomic variables such as money supply, foreign direct investment, and industrial production which is different for the different sectors based on its nature of product and services they offered. The industries based on their product development which are linked to particular macroeconomic variables have more effect than others such as increase in money supply which cannot increase the sale of pharmaceutical products until needed. Similarly, an interesting insight reveals that industries producing seasonal goods, e.g., food producing, are not very much affected by macroeconomic variables but the change in seasons and similar results also revealed for tobacco industry.

Differential leadership as a localized leadership style gradually developed on the basis of the Pattern of Differential Sequence. It plays a dual role in stimulating “insider subordinates” and “outsider subordinates” through the dynamic transformation of the roles. Using the process of game reasoning, the study identifies the differing principles used by insider subordinates and outsider subordinates in implementing deviant innovative behaviors. The simulation graph presents the perceived benefits of employees performing or not performing deviant innovative behaviors as clues during the reasoning process, and implements deviant innovative behaviors for the high risk-taking trait of insider subordinates and the high internal control personality of outsider subordinates who implement deviant innovation. The theoretical derivation of behavior provides relevant references, and provides counter measures for effectively promoting employees’ deviant innovative behavior in the context of differential leadership.

Graph theory is one of those subjects that is a vital part of the digital world. It is used to monitor the movement of robots on a network, to debug computer networks, to develop algorithms, and to analyze the structural properties of chemical structures, among other things. It is also useful in airplane scheduling and the study of diffusion mechanisms. The parameters computed in this article are very useful in pattern recognition and image processing. A number d f, w = min d w, t, d w, s is referred as distance between f = t s an edge and w a vertex. d w, f 1 ≠ d w, f 2 implies that two edges f 1, f 2 ∈ E are resolved by node w ∈ V. A set of nodes A is referred to as an edge metric generator if every two links/edges of Γ are resolved by some nodes of A and least cardinality of such sets is termed as edge metric dimension, e dim Γ for a graph Γ. A set B of some nodes of Γ is a mixed metric generator if any two members of V ∪ E are resolved by some members of B. Such a set B with least cardinality is termed as mixed metric dimension, m dim Γ. In this paper, the metric dimension, edge metric dimension, and mixed metric dimension of dragon graph T n, m, line graph of dragon graph L T n, m, paraline graph of dragon graph L S T n, m, and line graph of line graph of dragon graph L L T n, m have been computed. It is shown that these parameters are constant, and a comparative analysis is also given for the said families of graphs.

The relationship between psychology and mysticism has gained a great deal of currency over the years. Various psychological models have provided theoretical foundations allowing the researchers to grasp profound varieties and nuances in mystical experiences across cultures and religious traditions. This has, in fact, broadened the canvass for mystical studies. The current paper attempts to carry out a psychological analysis of mystical experience of a character named Kimya in Muriel Maufroy’s novel “Rumi’s Daughter”. The study carries out an analysis of how the mystic’s experience of the Divine can be translated in terms of a psychological process of personality disintegration initiated by a conflict, deconstruction of preconceived notions and beliefs and ultimately leading towards secondary integration of personality. Kazimierz Dabrowski’s theory of positive disintegration is employed as a framework to analyse her spiritual encounter. Through a minute textual analysis of the novel, the research reveals certain parallels between the process of personality development and mystical experience. It confirms the contention that the culmination of mystical union underlies psychological wellbeing and serenity on the part of mystic. The study also shows that mystics are those rare individuals who are capable of reaching the final level of personality development characterised by self-autonomy and higher level of consciousness.

As parents and students wished not to be closed these schools because the direct victim will be the students if any action form government is taken for shutting down the schools. These schools should be handed over to local management. About the issue of closing Pak-Turk Schools, Imran Khan, head of the leading political party, now the Prime Minister of Pakistan, said that Pakistan would respect the Turk government’s decision; however, he suggested an amicable solution of the issue so as to protect the future of the students as well as of the teachers. According to the press statement released from PTI Central Media Department, during the meeting they discussed the issues of mutual importance Now the local administration should develop diversification in vision and mission of the organization