Nicholas Bell

Despite being of major importance for cattle health, welfare and productivity, lameness remains a highly prevalent condition, particularly in dairy cattle. Lesions of the distal limb (claw and surrounding skin) are the predominant cause of lameness and can be broadly summarised as non-infectious or infectious; with claw horn lesions and digital dermatitis, respectively, being the most common. Substantial knowledge gaps still exist relating to the pathogenesis of claw horn lesions. The body of evidence relating to risk factors and treatment have shown a history of previous lameness is an important contributor to future lameness. Early detection and prompt effective treatment appear key to improving treatment outcomes and reducing the risk of repeat lameness. Digital dermatitis is a contagious cause of lameness. Controlling environmental risk factors, when combined with footbathing and treatment of lesions appears effective in managing digital dermatitis. Genetic markers have been identified which offers potential benefits to control through genetic selection.Addressing lameness can be challenging due to its multifactorial and complex nature. Therefore, it is important to take a strategic approach that includes the whole farm team (farm staff, vet, hoof trimmer and nutritionist). Relevant data should first be reviewed to assist in the identification of key lameness risk factors followed by the prioritisation of the most important changes required for success.