Nicolas Matter

This paper examines decision-making in the military domain, exploring the conception of humanity, the responsible use of AI, and the cultivation of virtues in military decision-making and technical systems design. A meaningful reflection on decisions in military defence becomes feasible only when there is a conceptualization of the human that considers the distinction between Natural and Artificial, embraces the potential for freedom, and acknowledges the inherent uncertainties in human capabilities. The ethical discussion extends to the responsible use of AI, asserting that machines lack responsibility, reserved for humans with the capacity for freedom. The paper advocates a comprehensive approach to responsibility, covering AI system design, deployment, and consequences. Soldierly aspects of virtue ethics are introduced, calling for a holistic ethical framework. The paper concludes with a Systems Engineering approach, emphasizing the anthropocentric nature of responsible system design and highlighting the necessity of well-designed AI assistance systems for responsible decision-making in complex combat scenarios.