Phil Stilwell

From Apparent Impossibility to Unvalidated Necessity upgrade of conjectural entities of undetermined modal status into established possibilities and, by exclusion of rivals, into alleged necessities. We (i) distinguish the ; (ii) formalize the laundering sequence; (iii) catalogue recurrent candidates , immaterial-material interaction); (iv) work through case studies in the Kalam and fine-tuning arguments; and (v) supply a Bayesian template showing how "not-yet-ruled-out" options cannot be granted positive likelihood without prior modal demonstration. The upshot is a methodological norm: . Absent such work, persuasive force reflects reclassification rather than demonstration, and intellectual integrity demands epistemic humility and parity of standards across.