Hannah Jiang

The ground of human dignity constitutes a core problem in metaethics. Traditional conceptions of dignity—whether religious, rational, recognition-based, or capability-based—all depend on moral attribute presuppositions, and each exhibits explanatory fractures in marginal cases. This paper proposes an entirely new theory of dignity grounded in a foundational postulate of ethics and objective facts: Pre-structural dignity. The argument proceeds from a disciplinary postulate and indisputable objective facts—that the advancement of civilization (generating increments rather than maintaining the status quo) depends on a small number of decisive breakthrough contributors; that such contributors cannot be identified in advance at birth; that the process of civilizational advancement must therefore maintain a pool of possibility covering all who are born; that every newborn is structurally incorporated into this pool, objectively functions as a possibility-bearer for becoming such a contributor; and that birth is an irreversible physical fact—to derive the conclusion that each individual, by virtue of functioning as a possibility-bearer in the operation of the civilizational advancement system, possesses a corresponding structural value. This structural value, which cannot be objectively revoked, while can only be subjectively denied, is precisely the ground of human dignity. Pre-structural dignity requires no moral presuppositions, religious beliefs, or social recognition, and possesses four attributes: innateness, universality, stability, and finitude. It is capable of explaining the marginal ethical cases that traditional theories cannot cover, thereby providing a more solid philosophical foundation for modern human rights and judicial ethics.

This essay proposes a novel justification for an unconditional social safety net, grounding it not in compassion, egalitarianism, or fear of unrest, but in a structural debt that society incurs simply by bringing people into existence. The argument proceeds from the premise that society requires a vast of human beings as "pool of possibility", since no test can identify in advance which newborn will become one of the decisive contributors who push civilization forward. This unauthorized requisition constitutes a service already rendered, generating a debt that a basic floor—food, shelter, healthcare—must repay. From this logic emerges an unfamiliar account of human dignity as the non-returnability society must acknowledge after requisition a person into the service of being a "unit of possibility," without consent. The essay further identifies a second obligation of consideration: the restraint increment, the value generated when a person capable of destruction chooses not to destroy—a contribution traditional economics has not acknowledging it as a value but that any honest advocate of market logic should accept.