• Advance directives and advance health care planning
    with G. S. Fischer and J. A. Tulsky
    Encyclopedia of Bioethics 1 78-86. 2004.
  •  83
    Philosophical debates about the definition of death: Who cares?
    Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 26 (5). 2001.
    Since the Harvard Committees bold and highly successful attempt to redefine death in 1968 (Harvard Ad Hoc committee, 1968), multiple controversies have arisen. Stimulated by several factors, including the inherent conceptual weakness of the Harvard Committees proposal, accumulated clinical experience, and the incessant push to expand the pool of potential organ donors, the lively debate about the definition of death has, for the most part, been confined to a relatively small group of academics w…Read more
  •  18
    Problems with precision and neutrality in EOL preference elicitation
    with Yael Schenker
    Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (9): 589-590. 2017.
  •  40
    A Rose by Any Other Name: Pain Contracts/Agreements
    with Myra Christopher, Nick Shuler, Lisa Robin, Ben Rich, Steve Passik, Carlton Haywood, Carmen Green, Aaron Gilson, Lennie Duensing, Evan Anderson, and Richard Payne
    American Journal of Bioethics 10 (11): 5-12. 2010.
    This Article does not have an abstract
  •  54
    The Dead Donor Rule: Should We Stretch It, Bend It, or Abandon It?
    Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 3 (2): 263-278. 1993.
    The dead donor rule—that persons must be dead before their organs are taken—is a central part of the moral framework underlying organ procurement. Efforts to increase the pool of transplantable organs have been forced either to redefine death (e.g., anencephaly) or take advantage of ambiguities in the current definition of death (e.g., the Pittsburgh protocol). Society's growing acceptance of circumstances in which health care professionals can hasten a patient's death also may weaken the symbol…Read more
  •  43
    Back to the Future: Obtaining Organs from Non-Heart-Beating Cadavers
    Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 3 (2): 103-111. 1993.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Back to the Future:Obtaining Organs from Non-Heart-Beating CadaversRobert M. Arnold (bio) and Stuart J. Youngner (bio)Organ Transplantation requires viable donor organs. This simple fact has become the Achilles' heel of transplantation programs. Progress in immunology and transplant surgery has outstripped the supply of available organs. Between 1988 and 1991, for example, the number of transplant candidates on waiting lists increase…Read more
  •  50
    The Ethics of Advertising for Health Care Services
    with Yael Schenker and Alex John London
    American Journal of Bioethics 14 (3): 34-43. 2014.
    Advertising by health care institutions has increased steadily in recent years. While direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising is subject to unique oversight by the Federal Drug Administration, advertisements for health care services are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission and treated no differently from advertisements for consumer goods. In this article, we argue that decisions about pursuing health care services are distinguished by informational asymmetries, high stakes, and pat…Read more
  •  21
    No abstract
  •  18
    How do clinicians prepare family members for the role of surrogate decision-maker?
    with Thomas V. Cunningham, Leslie P. Scheunemann, and Douglas White
    Journal of Medical Ethics Recent Issues 44 (1): 21-26. 2017.
    Purpose Although surrogate decision-making is prevalent in intensive care units and concerns with decision quality are well documented, little is known about how clinicians help family members understand the surrogate role. We investigated whether and how clinicians provide normative guidance to families regarding how to function as a surrogate. Subjects and methods We audiorecorded and transcribed 73 ICU family conferences in which clinicians anticipated discussing goals of care for incapacitat…Read more
  • The Oxford Handbook of Ethics at the End of Life (edited book)
    Oxford University Press. 2014.
    This handbook explores the topic of death and dying from the late twentieth to the early twenty-first centuries, with particular emphasis on the United States. In this period, technology has radically changed medical practices and the way we die as structures of power have been reshaped by the rights claims of African Americans, women, gays, students, and, most relevant here, patients. Respecting patients’ values has been recognized as the essential moral component of clinical decision making. T…Read more
  •  20
    Promoting the Participation of Minorities in Research
    with Mandy Garber
    American Journal of Bioethics 6 (3). 2006.
    The current policy of the National Institute of Health designed to increase the participation of women and minorities is radically different from previous policies designed to protect minorities from abuses in research studies. The principal arguments to support this policy are twofold: 1) Increased representation of minorities and women in research would increase the generalizability of research data and allow for valid analyses of differences in subpopulations; and 2) being in a clinical resea…Read more
  •  19
    “I Know I'm Going to Beat This”: When Patients and Doctors Disagree About Prognosis
    with Julie W. Childers
    American Journal of Bioethics 18 (9): 16-18. 2018.
  •  2
    Prioritizing initiatives for institutional review board quality improvement
    with Daniel E. Hall, Ulrike Feske, Barbara H. Hanusa, Bruce S. Ling, Roslyn A. Stone, Shasha Gao, Galen E. Switzer, Dobalian Aram, and Michael J. Fine
    AJOB Empirical Bioethics 7 (4): 265-274. 2016.
  •  50
    Ethics consultation: from theory to practice (edited book)
    with Mark P. Aulisio and Stuart J. Youngner
    Johns Hopkins University Press. 2003.
    In the clinical setting, questions of medical ethics raise a host of perplexing problems, often complicated by conflicting perspectives and the need to make immediate decisions. In this volume, bioethicists and physicians provide a nuanced, in-depth approach to the difficult issues involved in bioethics consultation. Addressing the needs of researchers, clinicians, and other health professionals on the front lines of bioethics practice, the contributors focus primarily on practical concerns -- w…Read more
  •  46
    Do Physicians Disclose Uncertainty When Discussing Prognosis in Grave Critical Illness?
    with Rachel A. Schuster, Seo Yeon Hong, and Douglas B. White
    Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 2 (2): 125-135. 2012.
    Objective: Even when critically ill patients are almost certain to die from their illnesses, there is generally an element of prognostic uncertainty. Little is known about how physicians handle this uncertainty in conversations with surrogate decision makers. We sought to evaluate whether and how physicians discuss prognostic uncertainty with surrogate decision makers of patients who are highly likely, but not certain, to die. Design: We audiotaped and transcribed discussions between clinicians …Read more
  •  12
    Who Will Watch the Watchers?
    Hastings Center Report 32 (3): 21-22. 2002.
  •  107
    Caring for the Seriously Ill: Cost and Public Policy
    with Thaddeus M. Pope and Amber E. Barnato
    Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 39 (2): 111-113. 2011.
  •  26
    Review of The Bioethics of Pain Management: Beyond Opioids by Daniel S. Goldberg (review)
    with Reviewed by Megan Crowley-Matoka
    American Journal of Bioethics 15 (4). 2015.
  •  344
    The dead donor rule: How much does the public care ... And how much should
    with Megan Crowley-Matoka
    Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 14 (3): 319-332. 2004.
    : In this brief commentary, we reflect on the recent study by Siminoff, Burant, and Youngner of public attitudes toward "brain death" and organ donation, focusing on the implications of their findings for the rules governing from whom organs can be obtained. Although the data suggest that many seem to view "brain death" as "as good as dead" rather than "dead" (calling the dead donor rule into question), we find that the study most clearly demonstrates that understanding an individual's definitio…Read more
  • Techniques for training ethics consultants: why traditional classroom methods are not enough
    with Melanie H. Wilson Silver
    In Mark P. Aulisio, Robert M. Arnold & Stuart J. Youngner (eds.), Ethics Consultation: From Theory to Practice, Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 70--85. 2003.
  • Advance directives and advance care planning
    with G. S. Fischer and James A. Tulsky
    Encyclopedia of Bioethics 1. 2004.
  •  42
    The silent majority: Who speaks at IRB meetings
    with Philip J. Candilis, Charles W. Lidz, Paul S. Appelbaum, William P. Gardner, Suzanne Myers, Albert J. Grudzinskas Jr, and Lorna J. Simon
    IRB: Ethics & Human Research 34 (4): 15-20. 2012.
    Institutional review boards are almost universally considered to be overworked and understaffed. They also require substantial commitments of time and resources from their members. Although some surveys report average IRB memberships of 15 people or more, federal regulations require only five. We present data on IRB meetings at eight of the top 25 academic medical centers in the United States funded by the National Institutes of Health. These data indicate substantial contributions from primary …Read more
  •  25
    Focusing on education rather than clinical ethics
    American Journal of Bioethics 6 (4). 2006.
    This Article does not have an abstract