Robert Martin

Contrary to what might be expected given a religious or other motivation, Pierre Duhem's interest in mediaeval science was the result of his surprise encounter with Jordanus de Nemore while working on Les origines de la statique in the late autumn of 1903. Historical assumptions common among physicists at that time may explain this surprise, which occasioned a frantic search for more mediaeval precursors for Renaissance mechanics. It also raised serious historiographical problems that threatened even his methodological views, until they were resolved in his To save the phenomena of 1908.

Much speculation on the sources of Duhem's historical interests fails to account for the major shifts in these interests: neither his belief in the continuous development of physics nor his Catholicism, when his Church was encouraging the study of generally Aristotelian scholastic thought, led to any interest in mediaeval science before 1904. Equally, his own claim that he was merely testing his views on the nature of physical theory is easily squared only with earlier work with no trace of mediaeval science. Behind this discontinuity lies a major crisis. Though not a positivist, Duhem had based all his work on assumptions acceptable to positivists. One of these, the sterility of the Middle Ages, was refuted by his chance discovery of evidence of genuine mediaeval science in the autumn of 1903, but that left the doctrine of scholastic sterility intact.

Cet article propose une modeste contribution au débat portant sur le rapport entre la tripartition de l’âme et de la cité dans la République de Platon. Dans un premier temps, nous soutenons, sur la base d’une analyse textuelle du livre IV, que la tripartition de l’âme et celle de la cité ne peuvent être pensées indépendamment l’une de l’autre, dans la mesure où elles participent toutes deux d’une dialectique qui s’élève jusqu’à la forme intelligible 1 de la justice. Dans un second temps, nous tâchons, en mobilisant des réflexions de l’interprète Giovanni R. F. Ferrari, de penser effectivement la justice comme synthèse intelligible dans son rapport avec le motif psycho-politique de la République