Rona Utami

Social justice within the framework of Pancasila often stands in contrast to the realities of everyday life, which are marked by inequality, marginalization, and the erosion of human dignity. This tension raises a fundamental philosophical question: how can social justice be meaningfully enacted in a society fraught with emotional tensions and moral dilemmas? To date, studies on justice have largely focused on normative and structural aspects, while the role of emotion in shaping moral awareness and ethical action has received relatively little attention. This research seeks to understand how emotions—such as guilt, shame, anger, disappointment, and love—influence moral perception and responses to injustice. It employs a qualitative approach using a philosophical-interpretative method, combining philosophical literature reviews, emotion theory, and in-depth interviews with purposively selected communities. Data collection was conducted through literature studies and interviews, while analysis was carried out using thematic interpretation and philosophical reflection. The findings reveal that emotions play a crucial role in shaping ethical orientations toward justice. Guilt and shame act as catalysts for reflection and solidarity, while anger, disappointment, and love serve as moral energies that drive active engagement in the struggle for justice. These insights enrich the discourse of applied ethics by positioning emotion as a vital foundation in the formulation and implementation of social justice.

This research focuses on transgender patients discrimination in Yogyakarta in accessing healthcare services. There are two questions on this research: what is the obstacle faced by the transgender-patients in accessing healthcare services? How is the analysis of biomedical ethics seeing this issue? The results on this research are despite the fact they were not being discriminated in the hospital, they did not get the health insurance by the government because of the administrative issue which can not accommodate their gender choice. Therefore, this research seeks to understand the barriers of transgender patients in accessing healthcare services through the perspective of biomedical ethics of Tom L. Beauchamp and James Childress. The researcher concludes that the general rule on social benefits applied in society is still limited only to the specific genders. It is not in accordance with the two principles in biomedical ethics: the principle of justice states that the transgender who is physically harmed has right to get social benefits to remedy the effect of the disadvantages due to their natural property and to have more equal chance of life; and the principle of autonomy states that an autonomous decision of the transgender people to choose their gender is related to the individual rights although they have different view with others and as long as their action do not leave the disadvantage to others, it must be respected as a moral obligation.

HIV/AIDS is one type of viral diseases that becomes a global issue.The number of people that have been infected by HIV in Yogyakarta in2017 reached 3,688 people and 1,468 of them had been diagnosedlived with AIDS.Most people living with the virus are in the productive age around 20– 24 years due to the risky sexual relations. Based on the report ofthe Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta AIDS Commission, there was 428 peopleinfected with HIV and as many 141of those infected with AIDS were children under19 years old. This study identifiesproblemsof implementingthe concept of social justice in Pancasila amongchildren with HIV/AIDS inYogyakarta as a vulnerable group in Indonesia. This researchaims to understand the views of children with HIV/AIDS inYogyakarta about social justice through their lifeexperiences. It furtherreconstructs the concept ofPancasila social justice to see the consistency and inheritance bothin theory and practice. The research was carried out throughliterature studies, field studies, and in-depth interviews. Thisresearch is a preliminary study with a target sample of 10-15 childrenselectedpurposively according to their medical record for having HIV/AIDS and lived in Yogyakarta. The classification, analysis and interpretation of datawere employed to obtain a balanced, objective and a deeperunderstanding. The resultsof this study provide scholarly information about the theoreticalconstruction of the concept of Pancasila social justice, a map of theissue of the implementation of Pancasila social justice in childrenwith HIV/AIDS in Yogyakarta, and the views of children with HIV/AIDS on what social justice is.