Ryunosuke Ishizaki

When self-replicating machines capable of emulating beings superior to themselves are created, the hypothetical entity predicted by classical science to far surpass humankind, superintelligence, can be considered to have possibility develop technologies to control human cognition. Once AI which is able to manipulate cognition is achieved, a hypothetical phenomenon may arise, from the standpoint of falsifiability, whereby science that can be intervened in by superintelligence is non-scientific for humans yet scientific for the superintelligence. As the classical-scientific plausibility of self-replicating machines increases, science grounded in human cognition, debates about superscience beyond human cognition, and even discussions of a cosmic superintelligence surpassing superintelligence may all see their inherent ambiguities debated more than ever.

We philosophically discuss phenomena that occur when computational technology reaches a technological singularity and triggers an intelligence explosion, realizing an AI to produce AI by themselves. By providing a philosophical definition of superintelligence, we estimate the change of societal values. While AI agents are moving toward superintelligence, their ability to produce artificial reality approaches the technological critical point where their capability exceeds that of biological entities to distinguish between the empirical reality and AR. As Self-Reproducing Machines improve by themselves, we consider that society moves to the ambiguous condition executed by the undetectable intervention by superintelligence. Although this is similar to the ideal capitalism, it is not able to be simply classified such as the current executed capitalism, socialism, or communism. In contrast to singularitalianism which mainly focuses on technological singularity, we propose to call the principle after singularity until criticality as criticalitalianism.

When an intelligence explosion occurs, and the resulting superintelligence becomes achievable, then using conventional scientific frameworks, we cannot entirely deny the possibility that such an entity already exists close to us, even at this very moment. However, in this paper, we argue that due to the pattern recognition capabilities and intrinsic properties of superintelligence, the technological advancements it produces may obscure human cognition of perceptual reality. This could lead to a situation in which the framework of modern science, once discussed and developed by past philosophers and scientists, ceases to hold. Moreover, because of its nature, the actual substance of a superintelligent entity may remain fundamentally unrecognizable. Even when it exists at present, it might be impossible to prove its existence. We also discuss when humans fall within the range of influence of superintelligent technologies whether internally or externally, due to the cognitive control such an entity may exert, the very statement “superintelligence exists" becomes a sort of ambiguous argument.

If this reality is a simulation, is it possible to access the world beyond this perceptual reality? Within the framework of emulationism, we discuss methods to understand the outside of this world within the perceptual matrix—a deterministic information universe—and explore ways to achieve time travel and parallel worlds by obtaining its emulation program. Additionally, while defining physical information traveling through reality, we investigate the nature of cognitive entities and the concept of self. Note: In the creation of this paper, we have undertaken all writing ourselves and have not used generative AI for text generation except for translation purposes.

Self-emulation of automata is a switch to the ultimate state that leads the automaton into a never-ending loop. In this paper, we describe the technological singularity and critical points reached when a self-reproducing deterministic finite automaton, realized through modern AI technology, triggers an intelligence explosion, and we examine the phenomena that unfold beyond that point. We also explain the existence of a cognitive realm, one that surpasses humanity’s ability to distinguish reality from unreality caused by superintelligence, as well as the new world created through its nesting. By understanding the properties of the perceptual matrix produced by deterministic finite automata, it becomes possible to offer a consistent explanation, one that does not contradict various theories, for why humanity cannot observe the randomly expanding colonies of extraterrestrial beings under a deterministic worldview in which “God does not play dice,” thereby providing a solution to the Fermi Paradox. We refer to this series of philosophical theories as “Emulationism,” and propose it here. Note: In the creation of this paper, we have undertaken all writing ourselves and have not used generative AI for text generation except for translation purposes.

Since the advent of computers, humans have pursued automata with superior information-processing capabilities. In the endeavor to create new entities that converge toward intellectual functions, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) that emulate AI surpassing ourselves has become a reality. With the intelligence explosion triggered by AI and the consequent emergence of superintelligence, the improvement of simulation capabilities accelerates. As this surpasses humans’ discriminative perceptual abilities between reality and unreality, a paradox arises wherein, from a modern scientific standpoint, science becomes unscientific. It is thought that as our controllability over the reality we perceive is ultimately enhanced by superintelligence, even whether we ourselves exist, what happiness is, what ethics are, and whether concepts themselves ever existed become matters of uncertainty. Note: In the creation of this paper, we have undertaken all writing ourselves and have not used generative AI for text generation except for translation purposes.

The potential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to attain technological singularity—the point at which artificial intelligence (AI) surpasses human intellect and autonomously improves itself—is a critical concern in AI research. This paper explores the feasibility of current LLMs achieving singularity by examining the philosophical and practical requirements for such a development. We begin with a historical overview of AI and intelligence amplification, tracing the evolution of LLMs from their origins to state-of-the-art models. We then proposes a theoretical framework to assess whether existing LLM technologies could satisfy the conditions for singularity, with a focus on Recursive Self-Improvement (RSI) and autonomous code generation. We integrate key component technologies, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), into our analysis, illustrating how these could enable LLMs to independently enhance their reasoning and problem-solving capabilities. By mapping out a potential singularity model lifecycle and examining the dynamics of exponential growth models, we elucidate the conditions under which LLMs might self-replicate and rapidly escalate their intelligence. We conclude with a discussion of the ethical and safety implications of such developments, underscoring the need for responsible and controlled advancement in AI research to mitigate existential risks. Our work aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on the future of AI and the critical importance of proactive measures to ensure its beneficial development.