S Liu

Introduction: Few studies are available on the prevalence and sleep-related factors of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in Chinese older adults, aiming to explore the associations between sleep characteristics and DLB.Methods: A cross-sectional study with 7,528 individuals aged ≥65 years in 106 communities in Northern China was conducted from April 2019 to January 2020. Questionaries (including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, lifestyles, and sleep characteristics) were administered, and neuropsychological assessments and physical examination were conducted in phase I; screening for probable DLB was done in phase II. Logistic regressions were used to assess associations.Results: A total of 919 (12.2%, 919/7,528) participants had dementia, and 101 (1.3%, 101/7,528) participants were diagnosed with DLB. The prevalence of dementia and DLB were slightly higher or equal in women, increased with age, and roughly decreased with nighttime sleep duration. Of the 101 participants, all of them (100.0%) had cognitive impairment, 46 (44.54%) displayed fluctuating cognition, 72 (71.29%) of them showed visual hallucination, 22 (21.78%) individuals reported RBD, and 27.71% showed Parkinsonism. Sleeping for 8 h had combined diagnostic value for DLB (AUC = 0.783, 95%CI: 0.734–0.831, p < 0.001).Conclusions: The current prevalence of DLB is 1.3% in Northern China. Short or long nighttime sleep duration is independently associated with the occurrence of dementia and DLB.

Green space around the university campus is of paramount importance for emotional and psychological restorations in students. Positive emotions in students can be aroused when immersed in green space and naturalness. However, to what extent can perceived naturalness influence students' positive emotion remains unclear, especially in the context of COVID-19 countermeasures. This study, therefore, attempts to investigate in-depth the nature and strength of the relationships between students' positive emotion and their perceived naturalness, place attachment, and landscape preference, which are potentially varying across universities in different social and environmental contexts and different restrictions policies regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.

Boston Confucianism in methodology, metaphysics, Fulfillment on the other three put forward a different view of Confucianism. In the methodology, the South Leshan to naturalistic approaches, by Whitehead's influence. In metaphysics, the view that induction is a classical Chinese philosophy, yin and yang, the most important issue in the Fulfillment theory, the more stressed the importance of ritual, that through the ceremony, Confucianism is the Fulfillment of a better way. Bostonian Confucians propose their own unique ideas in terms of methodology, metaphysics and activism. With methodology, Nan Le-shan is deeply influenced by Whitehead and takes the naturalistic approach. In terms of metaphysics, he believes that the interaction between yin and yang is the most important issue in classical Chinese philosophy. Regarding activism, he stresses the importance of Li, which he believes is a better way to activate Confucianism

Romantic irony and the irony of Marx, even though there is a strong co-expression of subjectivity, but the irony is not a Marxist aesthetic irony, but irony of practice. Although such ironic farewell to the intrinsic nature of consciousness, but still retains significant intrinsic nature of another - the intrinsic value of nature. Thus, it should prevent the burgeoning of the positivist and the Marxist tendency towards secularism. Although Marx's irony embodied the same subjectivity as romantic irony, it was practical irony rather than aesthetic. Such kind of irony departed from the interiority of consciousness but obviously had another kind of interiority, that is, the interiority of value. Thus we need to be wary of the prevalent positivism and secularization tendency in the understanding of Marx

Philosophical writing has not complained to the public, the public rhetoric of esotericism esotericism and esoteric combination of rhetoric, enlightenment and transformation of the public and other modes. Since the Enlightenment increasingly being done in the writing mode for the mass production because of mass society and mass of people in batches and by reflection. Marx's mode of writing is not for the general population, insist on their academic writing is a highly professional. Marxist philosophy of writing the current number of non-object should be to give up writing, as there are many objects of academic writing. There are several patterns of philosophical writing, such as not to communicate with the mass, combining exotericism with esotericism, and enlightening and remolding the mass. The writing pattern of facing the mass which is getting more and more popular after the Enlightenment is under review because the emergence of the mass society and the mass man. With the professional feature in his academic writings, Karl Marx's writing doesn't face the mass directly. So Marxist philosophical writing nowadays needs to avoid writing without facing certain object, but to face certain object to write

Chinese scholars tend to Horkheimer and Adorno's Dialectic of Enlightenment has been interpreted as the Enlightenment, are bound into its own opposite, that is, into myth, superstition and barbarism. Dialectic of Enlightenment, only this one does not belong to the path. This is quite a problem of interpretation and attention to operation and means of contemporary Chinese thinking combined operations doctrine, promote health and increase the nihilism of modern China. According to China's traditional interpretation of dialectical thinking, "Dialectic of Enlightenment", for a correct understanding of "Dialectic of Enlightenment", and in growing nihilism, of great significance

The purpose of this dissertation is to reexamine Einstein's philosophical development and to present the main ideas of Einstein's philosophy of science, using as far as possible his original expressions. Although the subject matter has been heavily studied by many scholars, only a few offered a systematic analysis of it. Thus the interesting problems related to Einstein's philosophical development and the intricate problem of Einstein's position on the issue of interaction between science and metaphysics require further studies. ;The dissertation is divided into two parts. In the first part I attempt to clarify some basic problems related Einstein's rational realism, such as its foundation and new features, and the tortuous path which led Einstein to his mature philosophical position. Four basic requirements for constructing a satisfactory physical theory are discussed in detail. They were Einstein's metaphysical presuppositions for what the external world should be, or the possible ways of representing it. The curve in the path of founding his general theory of relativity is crucial for Einstein's philosophical development. I argue that the three aspects, complexity of reality , fictitious character of the fundamentals of scientific theory , and rationalism , ate the major epistemological lessons which Einstein learned from his work on the general theory of relativity. ;The second part discusses Einstein's epistemological credo which is the philosophical heritage that Einstein left for us. Special attention is paid to Einstein's solution to Hume's problem of induction. I try to show that, according to Einstein, there are two unavoidable jumps existing in the thought processes of both invention and justification. Einstein's schema for the process of principle theory construction may be expressed as $\rm \overline{E\sb1J\sb1ASJ\sb2E\sb2\ }.$ Hence considerations of theory choice are related to the whole process of scientific theory construction; they should not be limited to testability alone

In the new round of economic growth, rapid growth of heavy industry, heavy industry increased significantly; southeast coastal areas of land and labor costs, is to promote industrial upgrading, or relocation. These changes to the western region development has brought significant opportunities, including opportunities for new industrial transfer, play advantages of mineral resources and heavy chemical industry the opportunity to play educational, scientific and technological resources of the opportunities and the opportunity to play other environmental resources. At the same time, the western region should pay attention to ways of improving the investment to pilot their counterparts in industry, investment, innovation and government counterparts between eastern and western forms of support. In the new-round economic growth, the heavy chemical industry developed fairly rapidly, with the proportion of heavy industry rising remarkably. The rising cost of land and labor forces is promoting upgrading or outward-transferring of industries. These chenges have brought about the great opportunities towards the development of the western regions in China, including the opportunities of transferring of new industries, of taking advantage of mineral resources and heavy chemical industry, of giving full play to the advantage of educational and scientific resources and giving full scope to environmental resources , etc. At the meantime, the improvement of the way of soliciting business and introducing investment should be paid attention to in the western regions of China. The counterpart soliciting business should be tried, and the mode of counterpart aid between the eastern and western governments should be initiated