S. McGrath

The ‘death’ of German Idealism has been decried innumerable times since its revolutionary inception, whether it be by the 19th-century critique of Western metaphysics, phenomenology, contemporary French philosophy, or analytic philosophy. Yet in the face of two hundred years of sustained, extremely rigorous attempts to leave behind its legacy, German Idealism has resisted its philosophical death sentence. For this exact reason it is timely ask: What remains of German Idealism? In what ways does its fundamental concepts and texts still speak to us? Drawing together new and established voices from scholars in Kant, Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling, this volume offers a fresh look on this time-honoured tradition. It uses myriad of recently developed conceptual tools to present new and challenging theories of its now canonical figures.

This Handbook provides a comprehensive, multi-authored study of Schelling’s thought, its context, and its enormous influence. Divided into four major sections (‘Periods,’ ‘Themes,’ ‘Figures and the History of Philosophy’, and ‘Reception and Legacy’), it is a well-structured guide to Schelling’s work and the ways in which it relates to other thinkers and movements. Key features: Links Schelling to the history of philosophy, contemporary philosophy, psychoanalysis, politics, and theology Offers a systematic overview of a thinker whose thought evolved through three main periods Explores the importance of Schelling in the development of German idealism more broadly Updates the English-speaking academic community with current German research on Schelling Responding to Schelling’s renewed scholarly prominence, The Palgrave Schelling Handbook provides a contemporary and authoritative re-consideration of his thought. Within its pages, scholars and researchers will find avenues and inspiration for new work in areas that have been previously underrepresented in Schelling studies. The Palgrave Schelling Handbook is the ideal reference work for advanced philosophy and theology students taking courses on Schelling or German idealism. It will have wide, general appeal to scholars and students of philosophy, theology, political theory, and German studies.

The papers in the following volume are the outcome of a three-year long interdisciplinary research project. The project began with an in-person meeting hosted and funded by the Daimler und Benz Stiftung in Germany in March 2020 (the world was shutting down one nation at a time as we met). During the pandemic we continued to meet monthly online with support from Memorial University of Newfoundland. From the beginning it was the goal of the Working Group on Intelligence (WGI), as we called ourselves, to broaden and deepen the AI debate with a more nuanced understanding of intelligence than is common in cognitive and computer science discussions of AI. We wished to draw on the history of philosophy, ecology, and the philosophy of mind to establish that intelligence is meant in many senses, to use an Aristotelian expression. The clarification of these various meanings is essential to the discussion around the ethics of AI, especially the question concerning the possibility of strong AI or Artificial General Intelligence.

The current hype around AI (machines that can speak and write without thought) shall be taken as an occasion to reflect upon the forgetting of the primordial symbol in late modernity. The primordial symbol, otherwise known as the vague concept (Pierce), is expressive rather than pragmatic, communal rather than private, and productive of sense rather than restricted to a position in a pre-established “chain of signifiers”. Because the development of science and technology depended upon the institution of systems of conventional symbols—clearly defined, ideally univocal, and unvarying or context-free, we have come to forget that primordial symbols are not deteriorated concepts or mere figures of speech; rather they are the very origin of human thinking. In this paper, I shall track the history of this distinction between primordial and conventional symbols as it develops into a minor literature in modern philosophy. I shall have occasion to reference Herder, Schelling, Cassirer, Ricoeur, and Taylor in the course of making the case for remembering the primordial symbol and with it the primacy of the aesthetic, the mythic, and metaphoric over the discursive, the logical, and the scientific.

This paper explores the possible therapeutical applications of Schellingian psychological principles. A Schellingian analysis would enable us to retrieve the largely forgotten heritage of Romantic psychiatry, in particular the dissociationist model of the psyche, which was strategically rejected by Freud and somewhat clumsily revised by Jung, but which has its own intelligibility and applicability. Schellingian analysis would be dissociationist rather than repressivist, and would depart from Freud and Jung in being both a metaphysical and a moral therapy. But the open-ended eschatological nature of the model of the psyche employed would prevent the therapy from dogmatizing or moralizing the inner life of the analysand.