Sari Ni Putu Wulan Purnama

Fostering tolerance and inclusiveness in multicultural societies is increasingly vital, particularly in educational settings. Understanding the impact of parental involvement and school events on students’ attitudes toward these values is essential for promoting social cohesion and preparing future generations for an interconnected world. This study applies Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics to a representative dataset of 2,069 primary, secondary, and high school students across Vietnam. It explores how parental discussions and participation in multicultural school events influence students’ attitudes toward tolerance and inclusiveness. The findings indicate that parental discussions about collaboration with individuals holding diverse perspectives, as well as participation in multicultural events, are positively associated with students’ tolerant attitudes. Furthermore, parental discussions about cultures and histories of different countries, collaboration skills, and conflict resolution skills are positively linked to students’ inclusiveness. The study highlights that while multicultural school events provide valuable opportunities for students to engage with diverse cultures and broaden their perspectives, consistent parental involvement through meaningful discussions is likely critical for reinforcing inclusive values. A collaborative approach between schools and parents can more effectively nurture tolerance and inclusiveness among students. Future research could examine the long-term effects of these interactions and identify specific activities that most effectively foster inclusive attitudes

Background: School meal programs are not only government initiatives but also community-driven efforts. Aiming to combat food insecurity among school-aged children effectively, these programs are executed in conjunction with food bank initiatives. Various community groups play a crucial role in the success of both food security initiatives. There is a need to improve community engagement to successfully link school meal programs with food banks to build program synergy, combating food insecurity through a two-sided approach. Aim: This study aims to examine community engagement in school meals program by analyzing its purposeful focus on creating jobs and income-generating opportunities for different community groups, i.e., youths, women, and others. Methods: The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework, combining the reasoning strengths of Mindsponge theory and inference advantages of Bayesian analysis, was employed on a dataset of 126 government representatives who manage large-scale school meal programs in 126 different countries. Results: Findings showed that the school meals program’s purposeful focus on creating jobs and income-generating opportunities for women in the community was positively associated with community engagement, thereby supporting the linkage between the programs and food banks. In contrast, providing jobs and income-generating opportunities for youths and other community groups had an ambiguous association with community engagement in school meal programs. Conclusions: Findings underscore the importance of creating jobs and income-generating opportunities for women to improve community engagement in school meal programs. Formulating strategies that empower woman’s entrepreneurship may foster their involvement and engagement in school meal programs, promising to successfully link these programs with food bank initiatives among implementing countries.

Philosophy often thrives on paradox. The human mind seeks coherence, yet reality resists neat categorization. Minh-Hoang Nguyen’s concept of Uncertainty–Absurdity Mutuality (UAM) captures this tension by showing how uncertainty and absurdity are not merely obstacles but mutually reinforcing conditions of existence (Nguyen, 2026b). Alongside this, Nguyen’s Kingfisherish Wandering (KW) offers a Daoist-inspired metaphor for navigating such conditions (Nguyen, 2026a). Together, these frameworks, UAM and KW, provide a fresh lens for understanding cognition, meaning-making, and the art of living. This essay clarifies UAM through KW, weaving analytic rigor with narrative imagery. It explores the philosophical roots of uncertainty and absurdity, the mutuality that binds them, and how wandering flight offers a way to inhabit this paradox without despair.

Coastal engagement activities have been explored for their measurable health benefits, including both physical and mental health outcomes. These activities may foster a deeper sense of connection to nature following every visit to the coast, such as watching the sunset, beach walking, spending time on the beach, wildlife spotting, shell collecting, engaging in beach and water sports, mountain biking, and participating in seagoing activities. However, limited research has examined the moderating effect of nature connectedness on the relationship between these activities and health outcomes, both physically and mentally. This study aimed to analyse how the relationships between coastal activities and perceived mental and general health conditions in the previous year are moderated by the level of nature connectedness among adult visitors. By analyzing the dataset of 1,939 Flemish individuals engaged in the Belgian coast, under the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF), this study found a crucial moderating role of coastal nature connectedness. Findings showed that coastal activities are negatively associated with mental and general health scores, but with the moderating effect of nature connectedness, this negative association may shift. In each level of nature connectedness, coastal activities showed different effects on mental and general health conditions, with higher improvement found in mental health scores. Findings indicate that, beyond the type of coastal activities, nature connectedness is an essential subjective sense that determines therapeutic benefits. This study highlights the complex interplay of environmental factors, subjective perceptions, and biophysical-psychological interactions in shaping individual health outcomes. There is a need for targeted coastal management strategies to facilitate nature-based activities that promote nature-connectedness and, subsequently, coastal healing capabilities.

Coastal environments are widely recognized as valuable public health resources and therapeutic landscapes. However, limited research has examined how specific coastal interactions that foster close connections with nature influence health outcomes. This study investigates the relationship between the frequency of engaging in high-nature-interaction coastal activities―e.g., beach walking, wildlife spotting, water sports, mountain biking, spending time on the beach, beach sports, watching the sunset, seagoing, and shell collecting― and health outcomes among visitors to the Belgian coast. Using a dataset of 1,939 responses, we analyze how the frequencies of these activities over the past year are associated with self-reported mental and general health. Grounded in the Granular Interaction Thinking Theory (GITT) and employing Bayesian GITT Framework analytics, the study identifies distinct patterns in these associations. While frequent engagement in activities, e.g., beach walking and beach sports, is positively linked to both mental and general health, spending time on the beach and shell collecting are unexpectedly associated with negative health outcomes. Watching the sunset is negatively associated with general health, while mountain biking and water sports show negative associations with mental health. In contrast, wildlife spotting exhibits a positive association with mental well-being. These findings highlight the complex interplay of environmental factors, visitor perceptions, and biophysical-psychological interactions in shaping health outcomes. The study emphasizes the need for targeted coastal management strategies to enhance the therapeutic benefits of blue spaces and calls for further research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations.

Background: The feeding modalities used in school meal programs—such as breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks, and take-home rations—are influenced by various factors, including supply chain constraints and technical challenges in food distribution. The methods of supply sourcing, whether through domestic or foreign food reserves via in-kind donations or purchases, play a critical role in shaping the feeding options provided. Aim: This study aims to examine the association between supply-sourcing strategies, i.e., domestic and foreign in-kind donations and national-international purchases, with the feeding modalities applied in school meal programs. Methods: The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework, combining the reasoning strengths of Mindsponge Theory and inference advantages of Bayesian analysis, was employed on a dataset of government representatives who manage large-scale school meal programs across 126 countries. Results: The findings revealed that sourcing supplies through in-kind donations from neighboring or distant countries showed a highly reliable negative association with the feeding modalities of school meal programs, while those from the national bodies showed an ambiguous relationship. The purchasing methods—whether domestic or foreign—tended to exhibit positive associations with feeding modalities, though these associations were only weakly reliable. Conclusions: The findings reveal substantial rooms to improve the effectiveness of supply purchasing strategies in enhancing school meal program feeding modalities. Further research is needed to examine the impact of sourcing supplies through domestic in-kind donations on feeding outcomes. Additionally, developing strategic plans to optimize the use of in-kind donations from international organizations is strongly recommended to avoid its negative consequences and further enhance program effectiveness.

Healthy eating has long been a focus of professionals and researchers, both to evaluate strategies for improvement and to gain a deeper understanding of its dynamics in order to develop effective promotion methods. This study aims to examine the roles of individuals’ information-seeking abilities and e-health literacy in fostering a healthy eating intention among Iranians. Employing Bayesian Mindsponge Framework analytics on a dataset of 9,755 Iranian participants, the study found positive associations between healthy eating information-seeking ability, e-health literacy, and healthy eating intention among Iranian adults. However, the moderating effect of e-health literacy on the relationship between information-seeking ability and healthy eating intention remains ambiguous. We suggest that enhancing individuals' healthy eating information-seeking abilities and e-health literacy, alongside improving the availability, affordability, and accessibility of reliable healthy eating information, is essential for fostering healthy eating intentions.

Background: The feeding modalities applied in countries with school meal programs are varied because these are shaped not only by the national commitments to alleviate food insecurity among children but also by resource availability from national and international agencies. In terms of financial resources, the USA plays a consistent role in providing donations, grants, loans, and loan guarantee programs to support global school feeding. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) oversees these funding sources for international school meal programs. Aim: This study aims to examine the moderating effect of USDA funding on the relationship between supply purchasing methods and feeding modalities among countries implementing school meal programs. Methods: The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework, combining the reasoning strengths of Mindsponge Theory and inference advantages of Bayesian analysis, was employed on a dataset of 126 government representatives who manage large-scale school meal programs in 126 different countries. Results: The findings indicated that USDA funding has the potential to positively moderate the relationship between foreign supply purchases and the feeding modalities of school meal programs. However, the direct association between foreign purchases and feeding modalities was unclear. Conversely, while USDA funding was found to have a negative moderation effect on the relationship between domestic supply purchases and feeding modalities, it is these domestic purchases that show potential for positively influencing the feeding modalities. Conclusions: Findings underscore the importance of supporting the World Bank and World Food Programme’s recommendation to rely more on local resources and capacities for developing long-term and sustainable school meal programs. Further exploration of the impact of foreign supply purchases on feeding modalities is needed. Formulating strategic plans to better leverage USDA funding for enhancing domestic supply purchases is highly recommended.

Pada musim semi, entah kenapa, tidak banyak ikan. Karena tangkapannya sangat tidak stabil, Pekakak mulai berpikir. Lalu membuat beberapa rencana. Dengan otoritas komandonya, dia memanggil Bangau: – Ini adalah musim penangkapan ikan yang sangat sulit. Jika kita ingin kenyang, kita harus membuat usaha patungan. Bangau mengangguk, menambahkan: - Saya setuju; mari kita beternak ikan kakap putih dan ikan mas krusia. Jenis ini berumur panjang dan sangat produktif. Pekakak dan Bangau sepakat untuk berbagi tugas beternak, dan tidak ada diskriminasi yang diizinkan. Namun imbalannya berbeda: Pekakak bertanggung jawab untuk ikan kakap putih dan, dengan demikian, dapat memiliki lebih banyak ikan kakap putih, sedangkan Bangau mendapat ikan mas krusia. Siapapun yang memelihara ikan mana yang lebih banyak akan menikmati 80% dari panen akhir ikan tersebut. Keduanya akan mengevaluasi dan membagi produk ternak pada akhir musim beternak. Ini berarti mengantongi sendiri ikan hasil usaha patungan untuk diri sendiri itu dilarang.

Pekakak selama ini tinggal di gua galiannya sendiri di tepi kolam, tapi sekarang dia memutuskan bahwa dia membutuhkan rumah baru. Dia melakukan tur keliling desa untuk melihat bagaimana burung-burung lain membangun rumah mereka. Dia mengunjungi Tuan Pipit, yang tinggal di pohon pinus yang bersiul. Bagian depan bangunannya tampak indah, dan lokasinya yang tinggi memberikan ventilasi yang baik. Tapi, semakin lama dia menginap, dia jadi semakin pusing. Hembusan angin apa pun yang menerpa membuat seluruh struktur bangunan bergetar seolah-olah akan hancur berantakan.

Suatu pagi di musim panas, desa burung diselimuti keheningan. Semua orang sibuk mendengarkan pengembara baru. Burung pengembara ini berasal dari keluarga yang tidak jelas; bulunya berwarna-warni, gerak-geriknya lucu, dan ilmunya baru. Dia bercerita seolah-olah sedang memberi ceramah, tepat sekali, warga desa memanggilnya burung Guru – orang yang menjawab setiap pertanyaan aneh warga desa yang rajin belajar. Burung pelatuk telah belajar menangkap cacing di sore hari, sehingga mereka tidak perlu bangun pagi. Burung pipit sekarang tahu cara mencuri beras dari gudang saat sawah mulai kering. Bulbul, sementara itu, telah mengambil kesempatan berkumpul untuk memamerkan kecantikan dan fashion mereka…

Pekakak adalah salah satu tokoh yang memiliki pengetahuan mendalam dan perencanaan yang cermat. Saat fajar menyingsing, ia terlihat bertengger di atas pohon. Dengan kemampuan sempurna untuk mengontrol kecepatan penerbangan miliknya, seperti kapan harus memperlambat atau mempercepat, dia dapat dengan mudah menghitung cara optimal untuk menangkap ikan. Ditambah pengalamannya menangani ikan di kolam, dia bisa tahu dari jauh mana ikan yang besar, kecil, gesit, atau kelam. Hanya dengan menangkap ikan pada saat yang paling tepat, dia bisa menghemat banyak waktu untuk merenungkan hal-hal duniawi. Mengenal dirinya sendiri, Pekakak merencanakan setiap makanan sesuai seleranya dan, dengan demikian, melacak inventaris ikannya. Ikan kecil harus menunggu, dan ikan besar harus pergi. Dia perfeksionis, dia memperhitungkan segalanya.

Background: Food insecurity condition challenges the availability of food, access to food, food supply stability, and food utilization. Food banks play a major role in the food aid sector by distributing donated and purchased groceries directly to food-insecure families, thus significantly impacting food insecurity. On the other hand, school meal programs are implemented in many countries to combat food insecurity among school-aged children. The synergy between school meal programs and food banks has a great potency to combat food insecurity among children effectively. Aim: This study aims to examine the association between experts’ involvement—such as nutritionists, farmers, and private sectors—and community engagement, including parents and others, with the linkage between food banks and school meal programs among implementing countries. Methods: The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework, combining the reasoning strengths of Mindsponge Theory and inference advantages of Bayesian analysis, was employed on a dataset of 126 government representatives who manage large-scale school meal programs in 126 different countries. Results: Findings showed that the involvement of nutritionists and the private sector was positively associated with the linkage between food banks and school meal programs, while farmers’ involvement showed an ambiguous association. The engagement of parents and others also showed an ambiguous relationship with this linkage. Conclusions: Findings underscore the strong need to formulate strategies for increasing the involvement of nutritionists and the private sector to successfully link the food banks with school meal programs in implementing countries, which is crucial for effectively combating food insecurity among school-aged children.

Background: Overnutrition, undernutrition, and micronutrient deficiency present a major global public health challenge due to food insecurity. Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent among children and result in impaired intellectual growth. Policy guidelines at the national level are essential for the success of micronutrient supplementation programs for children during school feeding. Aim: This study aims to analyze how various national policies guiding the school meal programs—such as those related to school feeding, nutrition, health, food safety, agriculture, and the private sector—associate with the implementation of in-school micronutrient supplementation among countries with school meals programs. Methods: The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework, combining the reasoning strengths of Mindsponge Theory and inference advantages of Bayesian analysis, was employed on a dataset of 126 government representatives who manage large-scale school meal programs in 126 different countries. Results: Findings showed that school feeding policies were positively associated with in-school micronutrient supplementation, while nutrition policy had a negative association with these practices. Both associations were only moderately reliable. Policies on health, food safety, agriculture, and the private sector had ambiguous relationships with micronutrient supplementation among countries implementing school meal programs. Conclusions: Findings highlight the evidence of school feeding policy’s positive association with micronutrient supplementation in school meal programs, indicating effective policy guidance on these practices. There is a need to re-assess the implemented nutrition policy due to its negative association with these practices. Enhancing and strengthening the national policies on health, food safety, agriculture, and the private sector may increase their potencies in supporting in-school micronutrient supplementation among countries implementing school meal programs.

Background: The school meals program has multiple objectives of education, nutrition, and value transfer. To ensure achieving the goal, total quality management (TQM) is implemented in the school meals program. Supply chain issues pose significant challenges to TQM implementation in the program execution. Aim: This study aims to examine national and international capacities in supply chain management by analyzing the variety of food items delivered through the school meals program. Methods: The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework, combining the reasoning strengths of Mindsponge Theory and inference advantages of Bayesian analysis, was employed on a dataset of 126 government representatives who manage large-scale school meal programs in 126 different countries. Results: Findings showed that the method of obtaining supplies, whether through in-kind donations from local, regional, national sources, or national food reserves and purchasing from neighboring or distant countries, had a significant positive association with the variety of food items included in school meals or snacks. Conversely, obtaining supplies in-kind from neighboring or distant countries had a significant negative association with the food variety. Additionally, purchasing supplies from local, regional, or national food reserves had an unclear association with the food variety. Conclusions: Findings underscore the importance of supporting the World Bank and World Food Programme’s recommendation to rely more on local resources and capacities. Enhancing supply chain management at the national level is crucial for developing a long-term and sustainable school meals program.

Background: Food biofortification practices in agricultural sectors involve the process of employing biotechnology to enhance the nutritional content of crops during their growth process. Biofortification makes foods even more nutritious and highly functional for addressing malnutrition among children. These practices in farming industries need guidance and legal support from various national policies to support high-quality supplies of school meals fully. Aim: This study aims to analyze the association between various national policies and the implementation of food biofortification practices in agricultural sectors among countries implementing school meal programs. Methods: The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework, combining the reasoning strengths of Mindsponge Theory and inference advantages of Bayesian analysis, was employed on a dataset of 126 government representatives who manage large-scale school meal programs in 126 different countries. Results: Findings showed that food safety policy was positively associated with food biofortification practices in agricultural sectors among countries implementing school meal programs. In contrast, nutrition policy had a significant negative association with these practices. Additionally, policies of school feeding, health, agriculture, and the private sector had unclear associations with food biofortification. Conclusions: Findings underscore the strong position of food safety policy in guiding food biofortification practices in agricultural sectors among countries implementing school meal programs. There is a need to re-assess the implemented nutrition policy due to its significant negative association with these practices. Enhancing and strengthening the policies of school feeding, health, agriculture, and the private sector may increase their potencies in giving positive impacts on food biofortification practices in agricultural sectors to ensure high-quality school meal supplies.

Background: Food fortification refers to the process of adding nutrients to foods during their production. It is a cost-effective strategy with well-documented health, economic, and social benefits. Food fortification practices in school meal programs need guidance and legal support from various national policies. Aim: This study aims to analyze how various national policies—such as those related to school feeding, nutrition, health, food safety, agriculture, and the private sector—associate with the implementation of in-school food fortification among countries with school meals programs. Methods: The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework, combining the reasoning strengths of Mindsponge Theory and inference advantages of Bayesian analysis, was employed on a dataset of 126 government representatives who manage large-scale school meal programs in 126 different countries. Results: Findings showed that food safety policy and agriculture policy were positively and significantly associated with the in-school food fortification practices, while school feeding policy and private sector policy had ambiguous relationships with these practices. Nutrition policy and health policy had a significant negative association with food fortification practices among countries implementing school meal programs. Conclusions: Findings underscore the strong position of food safety policy and agriculture policy in guiding food fortification practices in school meal programs. There is a need to re-assess the implemented nutrition policy and health policy due to their significant negative associations with these practices. Enhancing and strengthening the school feeding policy and private sector policy may increase their potencies in giving positive impacts on in-school food fortification practices.

In the last decade, the cases of breast and cervical cancer have been positioned at the top rank of cancer statistics worldwide. Consequently, many husbands become family caregivers (FCGs) and get the burden of cancer caregiving. Being blind and incompetent, they need supportive care from healthcare professionals (HCPs). To support them, HCPs provide various healthcare information to meet their needs. Further, their demand for a specific type of healthcare information may reflect their need for emotional support from the HCPs to reduce the burden. This study aims to examine the predictors of the need for emotional support among FCGs of female cancer patients by analyzing the demanded healthcare information. The mindsponge theory was used in conceptual development and interpretation. Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics were used for statistical analysis on a dataset of 48 husbands and 12 significant others in five congested communities of Surabaya, Indonesia. Results showed that among the six types of healthcare information, the demanded cancer-specific information and information on cancer physical needs significantly predict the need for emotional support among respondents. Meanwhile, FCGs with a higher demand for information on alternative therapies are less likely to need emotional support. Other types of information have ambiguous effects on the need for emotional support. This study reveals that the demanded cancer-specific information, e.g., cancer prognosis or likely outcome, and information on cancer physical needs must be prioritized in information disclosure to meet the needs for emotional support among FCGs of female cancer patients.

Akhir-akhir ini, komunitas burung dilanda kegelisahan akibat kedatangan beberapa Pelikan yang aneh. Orang-orang ini di sini untuk mencari nafkah. Hanya tiga orang, tapi ini adalah kelompok pekerja keras, memangsa ikan dari pagi hingga tengah malam. Melihat ini, Tuan Pekakak merasa kesemutan dan memutuskan untuk mengadakan suatu pertemuan komunitas saat malam. Untuk menghormatinya, burung-burung, kecuali Nona Bangau, menghilangkan rasa kantuk mereka dan hadir. Pada pertemuan itu, Pekakak meminta semua orang untuk mencela Pelikan dan menyimpulkan bahwa mereka sulit diatur sehingga para penyusup ini harus diusir.

Di masyarakat manapun, bunuh diri selalu merupakan sebuah tragedi. Meskipun ada masalah duka dan berkabung yang ditimbulkan, tragedi ini berkembang pesat di seluruh dunia. The Global Burden of Disease, sebuah penelitian global di tahun 2017 terhadap 282 penyebab kematian di 1.995 negara dan wilayah, menemukan bahwa bunuh diri merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi pada peringkat ke-15. Diperkirakan hampir 800.000 orang meninggal dunia akibat bunuh diri setiap tahunnya, atau sekitar satu orang setiap 40 detik [1]. Banyaknya jumlah kematian akibat bunuh diri telah mendorong para dokter kesehatan jiwa dan peneliti untuk menganggap kecenderungan bunuh diri sebagai penyakit. Pada tahun 2013, sebuah langkah besar telah diambil oleh tim profesional yang ada di balik edisi kelima Manual Diagnostik dan Statistik Gangguan Mental (DSM-5) [2,3]. Mereka menyarankan Suicide Behavior Disorder (SBD) atau gangguan perilaku bunuh diri sebagai sebuah “kondisi untuk studi lebih lanjut”, yang berarti bahwa SBD dapat dicantumkan sebagai suatu gangguan yang berbeda dan menerima rekomendasi pengobatan pada edisi berikutnya. Pakar berpengalaman mengembangkan lima kriteria diagnosis SBD pada Satgas dan Kelompok Kerja DSM-5 setelah melakukan tinjauan menyeluruh terhadap literatur penelitian serta diskusi dengan para ahli di bidangnya dan masyarakat umum [4],

Di media sosial, kita mungkin menemukan video dan gambar hewan peliharaan yang sangat lucu sehingga dapat menghilangkan stres dan membuat kita tersenyum. Tapi, tahukah Anda kalau hewan peliharaan bisa memberi manfaat lebih bagi manusia selain sekadar menghilangkan stres? Sebuah studi mengenai hubungan hewan peliharaan dan kesehatan manusia menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan hewan peliharaan dan interaksi dengan hewan peliharaan berhubungan dengan berbagai hasil yang menguntungkan secara fisik [1]. Misalnya, penelitian terhadap 618 sampel di Amerika Serikat menemukan bahwa remaja yang memiliki anjing peliharaan melaporkan tingkat aktivitas fisik yang lebih tinggi [2]. Penelitian lain di Australia menunjukkan bahwa remaja yang melakukan aktivitas berjalan-jalan dengan anjing dan bermain dengan hewan peliharaan lebih memenuhi rekomendasi aktivitas fisik nasional dibandingkan mereka yang tidak memelihara hewan [3]. American Heart Association bahkan menyimpulkan bahwa kepemilikan hewan peliharaan, khususnya kepemilikan anjing, berhubungan dengan penurunan risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler [4].

Kedekatan dengan alam pada umumnya dianggap bermanfaat bagi kesejahteraan seseorang. Bukti dari pengamatan ilmiah, serta penilaian diri sendiri berdasarkan pengalaman, menunjukkan efek “kegembiraan” dari paparan terhadap alam. Berjalan-jalan di hutan dikatakan bisa menenangkan pikiran. Tapi, bagaimana itu bisa terjadi? Penelitian terbaru di bidang ilmu saraf membantu menjelaskan hal ini. Tinggal di daerah perkotaan dapat menimbulkan stres akibat kebisingan, polusi, dan persaingan. Amigdala memainkan peran penting dalam pemrosesan stres dan mengelola respon terhadap ancaman emosional di otak manusia. Mereka yang tinggal di kota mengalami peningkatan aktivitas amigdala dibandingkan dengan mereka yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan, seperti hasil penelitian di tahun 2011 yang diterbitkan di Nature [1].

Paparan stres tidak bisa dihindari dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari. Kebanyakan orang mungkin pernah mengalami setidaknya satu stres yang ekstrem (misalnya: situasi traumatis yang berpotensi mengancam jiwa) yang dapat menyebabkan dampak buruk yang serius pada kesehatan mental mereka [1]. Oleh karena itu, resiliensi menjadi isu penelitian yang penting di kalangan peneliti di bidang ilmu kedokteran, kesehatan mental, dan ilmu pengetahuan secara umum untuk dapat membantu orang lain dalam meningkatkan kemampuan untuk menahan stres. Salah satu langkah terpenting untuk dapat meneliti resiliensi secara efektif adalah dengan memberikan definisi yang tepat. Dalam rapat pleno tahunan ke-29, para ahli dari berbagai disiplin ilmu yang tergabung dalam International Society for Traumatic Stress membahas secara tuntas mengenai pengertian resiliensi, termasuk juga ketua rapat (Steven Southwick) dan panelis (George Bonanno, Ann Masten, Catherine Panter-Brick, dan Rachel Yehuda). Rapat pleno tersebut diselenggarakan di Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pada bulan November 2013 [2].

Dalam hal paparan terhadap alam, terutama dalam perencanaan kota, ruang hijau sering kali mendapat banyak perhatian. Vegetasi bermanfaat bagi kesejahteraan manusia, dan hijau adalah warna dominan biosfer bumi. Tapi bagaimana dengan warna khas planet kita yang lain? Ruang biru adalah istilah yang menunjukkan permukaan luar ruangan yang alami (atau terkadang semi alami). perairan secara umum, termasuk lautan, sungai, danau, kanal, dll. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, seperti ruang hijau, ruang biru juga bermanfaat bagi kesehatan mental dan kesejahteraan psiko-sosial manusia [1]. Aspek ini telah mendapatkan perhatian lebih dalam pada beberapa dekade terakhir, khususnya dalam konteks manajemen kesehatan masyarakat. Sebuah penelitian di Inggris mengungkapkan bahwa kunjungan ke ruang biru di perkotaan meningkat jumlahnya, hampir sama dengan yang ditemukan di pedesaan [2]. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan tersebut lebih sering mengunjungi ruang biru, mungkin karena pilihan manusia jatuh pada ruang biru yang “terlihat alami”.

Dalam novel klasik Crime and Punishment, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky secara artistik dan dengan sengaja menggambarkan penderitaan mental dan dilema moral Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, seorang mantan mahasiswa hukum muda yang intelek dan simpatik yang tinggal di daerah kumuh Saint Petersburg [1]. Konflik batin Raskolnikov muncul demi kepentingan kemanusiaannya ketika melihat kehidupan yang menyedihkan di sekelilingnya, mengarah pada sikap utilitarian-altruistik terkait pembenaran atas kejahatannya [2]: “Mengapa tidak membunuh rentenir tua yang malang, rakus, dan “tidak berguna” lalu menggunakan dananya untuk meringankan penderitaan manusia?” Dengan pemikiran itu di dalam pikirannya, Raskolnikov bertekad untuk melakukan pembunuhan tetapi ia segera kewalahan oleh rasa bersalahnya. Sudah lebih dari satu abad sejak novel ini pertama kali diterbitkan. Namun, masih banyak orang yang memiliki penderitaan mental dan dilema moral seperti yang dihadapi Raskolnikov. Sebagai manusia, penyakit merupakan sebuah kenyataan yang tidak bisa dihindari namun ingin dihindari oleh semua orang, terutama penyakit yang bersifat fatal seperti kanker, penyakit jantung, infeksi pernafasan, dll. Beberapa diantaranya dapat disembuhkan, dan beberapa tidak. Namun, bagi masyarakat yang mengalami kemiskinan, uang adalah alasan utama yang membuat sebagian besar penyakit serius menjadi “tidak dapat disembuhkan”. Kenyataan pahitnya adalah semakin serius sebuah penyakit, semakin mahal pula biaya pengobatannya. Baik pasien dengan penyakit serius maupun keluarga mereka perlu melakukan pengorbanan yang signifikan untuk membiayai tingginya biaya pengobatan dan perawatan, yang dapat mendorong mereka ke dalam kemiskinan. Jika perawatan medis tidak lagi terjangkau, maka rumah sakit kemungkinan akan “memulangkan” pasiennya ke rumah sehingga mereka dapat menghabiskan saat-saat terakhir hidup mereka dekat dengan orang yang mereka cintai. Pasien non-lokal, miskin, dan tidak memiliki asuransi memiliki sekitar 70% kemungkinan untuk menjadi miskin akibat menjangkau layanan kesehatan [3].

Adaptation and stress are two main concepts useful for better understanding the phases of illness and health-related human behavior. The two faces of adaptation, adaptation as a process and adaptation as a product, have raised the question of how long the adaptation process will take in cancer trajectories. The care setting transition from clinical-based into home-based cancer care has stressed the role of family caregivers (FCG) in cancer management. This study examines how types of demanded healthcare information affect the FCG’s role in catalyzing the adaptation of female cancer patients. The mindsponge theory was used in conceptual development and results interpretation. Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics was used for statistical analysis on a dataset of 48 spouses (husbands) and 12 other family members in five congested communities of Surabaya, Indonesia. Results showed that among the six types of demanded healthcare information, FCGs with a higher tendency to demand cancer-specific information are more likely to need support in catalyzing the adaptation of female cancer patients. Meanwhile, FCGs with a higher demand for information on alternative therapies are less likely to need support in catalyzing cancer adaptation. Other types of healthcare information have ambiguous effects on the need for support in cancer adaptation assistance. This study reveals that the demanded cancer-specific information, e.g., cancer’s prognosis or likely outcome, must be prioritized to assist FCG’s role in catalyzing adaptation among female cancer patients. Cancer prognosis and outcomes reflect the future of cancer care results.