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    Fearful apes or emotional cooperative breeders?
    with Pat Barclay and Oliver Twardus
    Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46. 2023.
    The “fearful ape hypothesis” is interesting but is currently underspecified. We need more research on whether it is specific to fear, specific to humans (or even cooperative breeders in general), what is included in “fear,” and whether these patterns would indeed evolve despite arms races to extract help from audiences. Specifying these will result in a more testable hypothesis.