Наргиз Меджидова

The article examines an integral approach to the study of issues in philosophical anthropology. Research pertaining to realms such as philosophical anthropology necessitates a comprehensive approach, or, in contemporary terms, an integral approach. The requirement for employing this approach arises from the realities faced by humanity in the modern stage of its development. The fundamental principle of the integral approach is its comprehensiveness, which entails the understanding of not only oneself but also others, humanity, and nature. There are several schools conducting integral studies, yet these investigations, including in the philosophical understanding of humanity, are not fully substantiated. Consequently, there arises a need for a more detailed examination of the integral approach in the philosophical understanding of humanity. Philosophical anthropology, representing conceptual knowledge about the human, with the ability to synthesize various scientific knowledge, brings together different spheres of science that study the human and society. As a result of this integration, there is an exchange between philosophical anthropology and specific sciences, resulting in the enrichment of theoretical and specific scientific knowledge about the human. The conducted research has established the necessity of applying an integral approach to address contemporary human and societal issues, particularly in philosophical anthropology.

Anthropological problems are among the eternal problems of philosophy. This issue is especially actualized at critical moments in the development of society. This is the period humanity is going through today. The revival of anthropocentric types of research, finding new ways and a holistic approach to human research proves the relevance of this study. Humanity is once again experiencing a paradigm shift in world history. The first quarter of the XXI century showed itself as an intensification of globalization processes, which in turn led to multiple ups and downs of cultural and social life. The idea of a polycentric, multipolar world remained only in the mode of a categorical imperative. The coming form of human existence, if it takes place, should not only restore to people the meaning lost during the industrial civilization, but also avoid the costs of a dangerous alliance of information technology and biotechnology. In the context of the next threat of total war and the threat of a split in the world, an appeal to comparative philosophy should contribute to the final approval of such a worldview, which is based on the value of human life, brotherhood and spiritual unity of all people. The modern, global world is characterized by the inevitable interpenetration of cultures, the erasure of the boundaries of cultural areas. The article provides a comparative analysis of modern philosophical and anthropological concepts. Speaking as an approach and method, philosophical comparative studies continue its development in philosophical and anthropological knowledge, where it becomes one of the methodological directions. The article analyzes the modern anthropological concepts of the West, which have found their reflection in the concept of mental causality by D. Kim and in the concept of "homo compensator" by O. Marquard. And also carried out a philosophical analysis of the philosophical and anthropological concepts of the East, which are reflected in the works of the Chinese philosopher F. Yulan, in Japanese existentialism N. Kitaro and in the concept of "hoodie" M. Iqbal.