Seyedsaber Seyedi Fazlollahi

John Dewey is a pragmatic and evolutionary philosopher who, with his instrumentalist philosophy, seeks to apply philosophy as well as to update philosophy based on new findings in the field of experimental science. He believed that with the introduction of the Darwinian origin scheme, a great event had taken place in the world of natural sciences and a revolution had taken place in the thinking and way of thinking of the time. Dewey enters his new philosophy by using the problem of changing the types and concepts that are inferred from it. According to Dewey, epistemology and conventional ethics have come to an end, and we need to bring about a fundamental transformation and revision. Keywords such as the essence of objects, the fundamental principles, the invisible objects that regulate or control our lives and our world, are challenged by Darwin's theory. Dewey's philosophy of inquiry criticizes absolute principles. Dewey's philosophy of ethics and epistemology is realized in nature, along with natural selection and with the mechanism of the principles of adaptation of living beings. Individual and society, opinion and action, world and hereafter, right and wrong, are two parts that Dewey tries to unite. He considers man and society as a single, continuous, organ-like or organic matter. Dewey's evolutionary ethics and epistemology can be useful as a new tool for the philosophical society of Iran, with the consideration that its practical results in our society should be constantly evaluated.

Nowadays the key to all aspects of development is human development, That Without it, development is not possible. In the Islamic system, the goal is the human resources And on the other hand is a key to development. The need to nurture body and soul has always been of interest to scholars at any time. From the beginning of creation until now, the issue of education, the most basic mission of the Prophet Followed by, in this context, intellectuals, imams and leaders have to guide people. So management feature a country director to establish favorable conditions for the growth and modernization of society in the field of education. Thus, from the perspective of Nahj al-education of the community is the most important management tasks That it is not seen as just as good a job But the task that God has given to the ruler and general manager Country And include comprehensive topics that "Reasonable life" makes it possible for human beings. Islam not only training but consider: knowledge and to actualize the spiritual dimension of man Such as patience, effort and discover science. And these,Put in the context of the social life of all people. In my opinion Managers of the country, led by the Islamic ruling , By appropriate cultural context And using sound pedagogical methods and specialized knowledge, can prepare the community for justice. And benefit from all members of society for growth and development in all scientific disciplines, according to its comparative advantage. On the other hand The lack of social education in a society from the social morality will lead to reduced efficiency of the country's development. And makes stripping the security and safety of citizens. The duty of educational authorities and community leaders, including: take the social education according to the Humanities and Social Sciences And look at the traditions and cultural roots of the target population.

Due to the shortage comprehensive study about the ethics of belief in the Quran, This study will provide a detailed understanding based on the concepts of the Quran. Numerous books and articles have been written criticizing and defending the ethics of belief, these are three categories: critical for the basics, criticism of the method and reasoning process and criticism of the results. Some of these criticisms like fideism and irrational religious beliefs are not accepted. Maximum rationality, that Clifford believes, is not feasible and practical because it contains all of the partial and simple beliefs. Also, rational argument is not provable for everyone. Clifford and the holy Quran collectively believe that blind acceptance of traditions and beliefs of fathers or ancestors are wrong. In the viewpoint of Islam (Shia), investigation of the religion principles has been emphasized. Another similar point of view between them is criticism of credulity. The advantage of this article is research on the ethics of belief in the Quran.

Philosopher and veterinarian Saber Seyedi has collected a treasure of valuable words of two great philosophers of the world in the book Philosophy in Change, John Dewey and William Clifford and has provided you with a summary of their history. To learn about the ideas of John Dewey and William Clifford, this bilingual book will be a very good choice. Philosophy, like many streams of thought, has gone through many ups and downs over time and has seen many transformations. Meanwhile, identifying the most prominent philosophical thinkers helps us to have a comprehensive and accurate understanding of what and how this field of thought is. John Dewey and William Clifford are two examples of the most prominent philosophers in history. Saber Seyedi has offered you a selection of his opinions in both Persian and English languages ​​and has provided a brief description of his views. In order to better understand the ideas of these two philosophers, the author systematically divides their ideas and in this way provides the audience with the main characteristics of their approach. In addition to aphorisms, this book also includes speeches by Dewey and Clifford. These instructive sentences and speeches will be very useful even for the general audience who is not well versed in the field of philosophy. The book in front of you has been published by the Publishing House of Top Education and its audio version has been published with the narration of Dadbeh Dadmehr. For whom is the book Philosophy in Change, John Dewey and William Clifford suitable? If you are looking for a brief and concise work about two of the greatest philosophers and their opinions, reading this book will be very useful for you. Let's get to know more about Saber Seyedi He born in 1982, is a successful Iranian writer. He has completed his studies in the field of veterinary medicine. Due to his inclination towards human sciences, he chose research in the field of philosophy. Among his works, we can mention the book "With Pragmatism Glasses" as well as the translation of "The Boss without a Title" by Robin Sharma. Excerpt from the book: Even if a belief does not immediately lead to individual action, it is a reserve to guide the individual in the future. To fully understand anything, you need to know how to deal with it in different situations. Beliefs influence a person's actions and behavior, even if he has forcibly kept it to himself. Anyone who has started to think has brought the world into a new problem as much as himself. In another section we read: "It is clear to us that stealing and lying are wrong actions and the truth protects our families and that we are responsible for our actions. Generally, we call such feelings conscience or morality. In this lecture, our aim is to present a scientific method which actions are considered moral. This is the method that science presents to us through reasoning. First, when we see repetition in natural phenomena and works, we assume that it is a uniform and uniform method. Secondly, we think that our actions and thoughts, which we have formed under these phenomena, must surely have other people's feelings and beliefs like us. We should say that both of these assumptions are based on which moral basis? So our duty is to test our beliefs in this direction." For the existing moral norms in our society, we should seek to find their moral roots and not blindly consider them correct. Don't think that what we think, others also think in the same way and basically they should reach the same conclusions that we reached. When a series of phenomena are constantly repeated, it does not mean that the opposite and other forms of this phenomenon have not happened or will not happen anywhere in the world.

The book through with pragmatism glasses written by Saber Seyedi first explains what the school of pragmatism is and then studies and examines the benefits of Dewey's method of philosophy. If you look at nature and the world through the lens of John Dewey's pragmatism, instead of being fascinated by a certain philosophy, you will step into a platform where you will be encouraged to think and methodically. Saber Seyedi, who is a veterinarian doctor and pH.D western philosophy, tries to approach the functions of pragmatism in the form of several articles. The first chapter of this book is dedicated to getting to know Darwin. The second chapter will review the philosophy of John Dewey, which will be the focus of the entire book. This chapter also includes the philosophical biography of John Dewey. The third chapter is an article published in Afaq Journal of Human Sciences, in which John Dewey's meta ethics and the relationship he finds with the components of Darwin's evolutionary theory are specifically discussed. In the fourth chapter, we come to John Dewey's reading of Plato's Republic, a different interpretation and reading of John Dewey's view of Plato, which will have more of an approach in the form of philosophy of art. The fifth chapter of the book with the glasses of pragmatism deals with the moral principles that are believed by William Clifford. The proposal of this problem has been influential in John Dewey's thought, and Dewey clearly got ideas from Clifford. The sixth chapter is also an article in which the issue of "existence" is investigated from the point of view of Mulla-Sadra, Ibn-Arabi and Darwin. A fundamentall problem in philosophy, of course, with a modernized approach, according to the changes that have been achieved in the world of knowledge and new science around the life and communication of beings. Selected sentences of the book "with pragmatism glasses": - Man lives in the world of guesses, riddles and possibilities. Animals suffer and rejoice like humans. They feel happiness. - It is not the strongest or the most intelligent species that survive, but the organism that is most adapted to change remains. - Life is too complicated and variable to prepare a list of rules for it, we must learn how to choose wisely. - A little reflection shows us that if we consider every belief as a complete guidebook for our actions, we have left it outside of experience and review. In a part of the book with pragmatism glasses we read: The ideas of every philosopher about the nature of the world, human nature, the nature, essence and validity of knowledge (human knowledge) ultimately result from the theory he has about the nature of good and right in personal and social life. If our actions were embodied in the form of good and evil, then there would be no place for reflection and thought, doubt and wonder regarding moral choice. When we are in a situation and the moral question is formed and we ask: "What should I do?" This question is related to the ends of our actions, not the means and necessities with which we want to do our actions. When one good is placed against another good and one right against another right, a conflict arises for a person which one to choose. Dewey's moral philosophy does not claim to provide solutions to all ethical problems and challenges. Basically, he is alien to absolutism. There are no moral rules that are valid for all times, places and all conditions or situations. Human standards and ideals have been formed in various societies, different and distinct from each other. After social creative action, they have been achieved. Moral issues have been resolved by collective reason in specific conditions of society. Society is also layered and groups of groups, so the results as well as principles and value rules will have different levels. Those who think that the moral principles are final, stable and definite with them, they determine good and bad with their own principles, they are dogmatic, bigoted and have a closed mind. Ethics is dynamic and changeable, not a priori and predetermined, or in other words, ethics is a posteriori and experiential, not a priori and pre-experimental like Platonic ethics.

"Man lives in the world of conjectures, riddles and possibilities" John Dewey John Dewey considers ethical research as a part of experimental research. His approach is instrumentalist. Value judgments (value judgments) are a tool to direct behavior satisfactorily in situations where habits are not sufficient to guide behavior. In this pragmatic approach, the guarantee of value judgments depends on the conditions and behavior of the human being, not depending on a previous reference such as pure reason or the Platonic example. What we have in mind in this article is the analysis of John Dewey's meta-ethical approach with the emphasis and centrality of communication and His influence is from Darwin's theory of evolution. We are going to have a new reading of the ideas of this outstanding and influential philosopher of the 19th century in America and the world. Our main goal is to clarify the key points that establish a link between John Dewey's methods and philosophical results, in order to research the important points in his moral philosophy that are influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution. The points of connection and connection of paths and methods with his philosophical results are the same roots that were the bedrock of John Dewey's thought and caused contextualism and attention to society and theorizing in the field of democracy and politics.

In his philosophical structure, Descartes intended to organize, on the basis of mathematics, an efficient method of certainty for research and philosophy. The Mathesis is a body of universal and necessary truths of order and connection between ideas. According to Descartes' epistemology, man has become a researcher and discoverer who must discover himself. For Descartes, certain knowledge is possible, and in his structural cognitive style, action is a function of the form, while Dewey's cognitive style is a function in which form is a function of action and behavior. Examining the consequences of Darwinian views of the world, Dewey rejects Descartes' view: The question of the possibility of human knowledge has been fundamentally wrong. Dewey, by looking again at the absolute, the unconditional, and the certain, in philosophy, sees it only as a means to use if it results in success. Philosophy is not merely a mental organization of eternal and absolute truth, but a technology, method, and technique to be a means for social reform, regulation, and improvement of human and societal behavior.

According to Darwin's theory of evolution, John Dewey wanted to change the way we look at the world around us. In the pre-modern days, he strived to achieve the promise of modernity, which was progress and advancement in all fields. Dewey not only foresaw such a step, but also studied the way through it. In this article, we begin with the years when Dewey was an ardent Christian, and deal with the time when he became fascinated with the evolutionary sciences and developed his theory of "experience" with a rationalist approach. According to Dewey's naturalistic approach to man, we are confronted with religious experiences that, in the evolutionary process, are a response to basic human needs and have emerged in the context of different cultures in the form of different religions. In Dewey's view, "religious experience" is a personal dream of man. God, the Hereafter, religion and supernatural things are of this kind. These things are born of human exchange and adaptation to his environment. So for Dewey, there are no other worlds and worlds with different levels or parallel worlds that have recently been expressed on the basis of scientific hypotheses. Spirituality, religion and morality are all natural, experimental, real and of course valuable. Dewey considers man as an organism among millions of other living beings and in connection with them, and deals with the application and function of religious experiences in daily life.