Shiro Ishikawa

Recently, we proposed quantum language (in short, QL) as a mathematical realization of the quantum mechanical worldview. QL has the form of “axioms (measurement and causality)” + “linguistic Copenhagen interpretation”. And the quantum language can cover both quantum and classical systems. In this way, QL is one of the most powerful scientific theories beyond statistics, and I believe QL is the only dualism that has been scientifically successful. If so, the history of Western philosophy (mostly dualistic idealism) can be discussed from the quantum linguistic point of view. In this paper, we discuss the similarities between quantum language and Cartesian and Kantian epistemology. We conclude that “Axioms (measurement and causality)” can be characterized as a study belonging to Continental rationalism that sought to advance Descartes’s mind-body dualism. On the other hand, “linguistic Copenhagen interpretation” belongs to British empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant), which can be characterized as the epistemological application of Descartes’s mind-body dualism. The conventional theory is that continental rationalism and British empiricism were synthesized by Kant. Therefore, I think it is necessary to weigh the usual conventional theory with our claims.

Recently, I proposed the concept of quantum language. This can be characterized as a kind of linguistic turn of quantum mechanics, the true Copenhagen interpretation and a scientific foundation for philosophical epistemology. In this paper I propose that Fisher statistics should progress to quantum language with the concept of measurement (i.e., observable, POVM). Otherwise, statistics risks being viewed merely as a subset of applied mathematics. The present formulation does not aim to conform to contemporary pedagogy or philosophical trends. However, I am convinced that in 10 years, AI will choose quantum language as the foundation of statistics.

For the last quarter century, I have been advocating quantum language (QL). QL should be regarded not only as a linguistic turn of quantum mechanics, but also as the ultimate formulation of epistemology in the sense of Descartes and Kant. Even more importantly, QL naturally and essentially includes statistics. Furthermore, Wittgenstein’s dream ― namely, a proof of why logic holds in our world, as pursued in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (TLP) ― can be realized within QL. In this paper, I propose to replace his picture theory with statistics, and to reinterpret statistics within the framework of quantum language. In doing so, I demonstrate that Wittgenstein’s dream can in fact be fulfilled within statistics itself, when properly described in the language of QL.

Recently, I proposed the concept of quantum language. This is a kind of linguistic transformation of quantum mechanics, and I believe it is a scientific foundation of philosophical epistemology (i.e., Kantian philosophy) and statistics. This theory is very simple, but unfortunately it is often misunderstood as being difficult to understand. In this paper, I show that quantum language (and so, theoretical statistics) can be easily understood even by college freshmen. Therefore, this paper is intended for educational purposes.

In recent years, I have proposed "Quantum Language (QL)" as a linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. This theory is applicable to both quantum and classical systems. Furthermore, I consider QL to be the scientific culmination of Western philosophical history. As a result, QL transforms the significance of almost all philosophical fields. In this paper, I demonstrate how the traditional evaluation of the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence is significantly altered through the lens of QL.

The two giants of ancient Greek philosophy, Plato and Aristotle, have traditionally been contrasted as "idealism vs realism." This paper offers a deeper reinterpretation of this contrast. We hypothesize that the directions each philosopher aimed for were, in fact, reversed in the way they were eventually realized through the course of history. Plato, who was oriented towards a transcendentalist structure, surprisingly derived a discipline (i.e. quantum language) that is more useful than modern statistics. Aristotle's empiricism, on the other hand, developed into the causal determinism of Newtonian mechanics. Who would have expected the former to grow into an earthly discipline and the latter into a heavenly one? Who is greater, Plato or Aristotle?

Immanuel Kant argued that things in themselves cannot be known, and that human cognition is limited to phenomena. However, this is merely a misunderstanding resulting from a lack of quantification. This paper shows that Kant's transcendental idealism can be naturally reformulated as an estimation problem in statistics, and makes clear that things in themselves are the subject of estimation. Statistics has a weakness in that it lacks philosophical relevance. To solve this, the author proposes a highly abstract theory called "quantum language." However, considering its widespread use, I would like to realize it in a concrete way, "statistics + Kantian philosophy." I believe that these two methods are ultimately the same, but this paper is the result of research that takes the latter position.

I have recently proposed ‘quantum language’ (i.e. language in a world of dualistic idealism), which can be characterized as a metaphysical and linguistic turn of quantum mechanics (according to the Copenhagen interpretation). The turn from physics to language not only realizes a remarkable extension of quantum mechanics, but also brings about a quantum mechanical worldview. And this turn gives rise to the expectation that Western philosophy can be scientifically understood within a quantum-mechanical worldview. This means that Socrates’ absolutism is realized through quantum language (= the language of the world of dualistic idealism).

Recently I proposed “QL (=quantum language)” (or, “the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum theory”), which was not only characterized as the metaphysical and linguistic turn of quantum mechanics but also as the scientific understanding of Descartes=Kant epistemology. Namely, quantum language is the scientific final goal of dualistic idealism. It has a great power to describe classical systems as well as quantum systems. In this research report, quantum language is seen as a fundamental theory of statistics and reveals the true nature of statistics. I hope the readers to enjoy the beautiful world of dualistic idealism.

Recently I proposed “quantum language” (or,“the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics”), which was not only characterized as the metaphysical and linguistic turn of quantum mechanics but also the linguistic turn of Descartes=Kant epistemology. Namely, quantum language is the scientific final goal of dualistic idealism. It has a great power to describe classical systems as well as quantum systems. In this research report, quantum language is seen as a fundamental theory of statistics and reveals the true nature of statistics.

In this paper, we will reconsider the history of dualistic idealism (i.e., the main stream of western philosophy: chiefly, Plato, Descartes, Kant, Wittgenstein, etc.) under the quantum mechanical worldview. Recall that quantum mechanics also has the aspect of being a scientifically complete form of dualistic idealism. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that almost all unsolved problems of philosophy (i.e., dualistic idealism) can be clarified under the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation. In this paper, we will show that the expectation is completely realized. For example, it is shown that most unsolved problems (e.g. Hempel's raven) can be solved by separating analytic philosophy (philosophy of science) from mathematical logic and reconstructing it under a quantum mechanical worldview.

Recently we proposed the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, which is called quantum language or measurement theory. This theory is valid for both quantum and classical systems. Thus, we think that quantum language is one of the most powerful scientific theories, like statistics, and thus, it is the scientific completion (i.e., the destination) of dualistic idealism. If so, we can introduce the concept “progress” in the dualistic idealism. For example, we can assert that [Plato → Descartes → Kant → Wittgenstein → quantum language], where [“X” → “Y”] means that “Y” is more like quantum language than “X”. In this paper, we will study the problem of universals from the perspective of quantum language (i.e., from the scientific perspective of ignoring any religious perspective). And we can be confident of the progress of both of the two time series [Plato → Anselmus → Thomas Aquinas → quantum language] and [Descartes → Thomas Aquinas → quantum language] in dualistic idealism. The reader may find it surprising that Scholastic philosophy is more scientific than Cartesian-Kantian philosophy. However, this is because Descartes gave up the pursuit of “universals” and presented dualism as a visible “mind-matter dualism” so that it could be familiar to the general public. This made the Cartesian-Kantian philosophy socially successful, but unscientific. The problem of universals has not always been clear in the long history of philosophy. The reader should be convinced that the reason is that the problem of universals has been discussed in an incomplete non-scientific dualism to this day.

In this paper, we will reconsider the history of dualistic idealism (i.e., the main stream of western philosophy: chiefly, Plato, Descartes, Kant, Wittgenstein, etc.) under the quantum mechanical worldview. Recall that quantum mechanics also has the aspect of being a scientifically complete form of dualistic idealism. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that almost all unsolved problems of philosophy (i.e., dualistic idealism) can be clarified under the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation. In this paper, we will show that the expectation is completely realized.

Recently, we have proposed quantum language ( or the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics). Quantum languages describe both classical and quantum systems and therefore have great power to solve almost all philosophical problems. Thus, we believe that quantum language can be regarded as the language of science. Therefore, it makes sense to study Wittgenstein's picture theory within the framework of quantum language, since Wittgenstein's language (i.e., the language that he supposed, but didn't define in his book "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus") may be a particular subclass of quantum language. In this paper, we show that a class of binary projective measurements in classical quantum language has a logical structure. And thus, the proposition that Wittgenstein studied in his book can be regarded as a binary projective measurement in classical quantum language. Therefore, we conclude that Wittgenstein's language is realized as the central part of classical quantum language. If so, we think that his picture theory should be praised not only from a philosophical point of view but also from a scientific point of view.

Recently we proposed “quantum language" (or,“the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics"), which was not only characterized as the metaphysical and linguistic turn of quantum mechanics but also the linguistic turn of Descartes=Kant epistemology. Namely, quantum language is the scientific final goal of dualistic idealism. It has a great power to describe classical systems as well as quantum systems. Thus, we believe that quantum language is the language in which science is written. The purpose of this preprint is to examine and assert our belief (i.e.,“proposition in quantum language" ⇔“scientific proposition). We believe that it's one of main themes of scientific philosophy to make such language.

Recently we proposed "quantum language" (or, the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics"), which was not only characterized as the metaphysical and linguistic turn of quantum mechanics but also the linguistic turn of Descartes=Kant epistemology. We believe that quantum language is the language to describe science, which is the final goal of dualistic idealism. Hence there is a reason to want to clarify, from the quantum linguistic point of view, the following problems: "brain in a vat argument", "the Cogito proposition", "five-minute hypothesis", "only the present exists", "Copernican revolution", "McTaggart's paradox", and so on. In this paper, these will be discussed and clarified in quantum language. That is, these are not in quantum language. Also we emphasize that Leibniz's relationalism in Leibniz-Clarke correspondence is regarded as one of the most important parts of the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. This paper is the revised version of the paper: Open Journal of Philosophy, 2018 Vol.8, No.5, 466-480).

Recently we proposed “quantum language”, which was not only characterized as the metaphysical and linguistic turn of quantum mechanics but also the linguistic turn of Descartes = Kant epistemology. And further we believe that quantum language is the only scientifically successful theory in dualistic idealism. If this turn is regarded as progress in the history of western philosophy (i.e., if “philosophical progress” is defined by “approaching to quantum language”), we should study the linguistic mind-body problem more than the epistemological mind-body problem. In this paper, we show that to solve the mind-body problem and to propose “measurement axiom” in quantum language are equivalent. Since our approach is always within dualistic idealism, we believe that our linguistic answer is the only true solution to the mindbody problem.