Siti Murtiningsih

This research is aimed at explaining and analyzing the ontological status of semantical objects of religious language. This ontological status concern how every term in religious language refers to an object and how we interpret those terms, whether it represents the object itself or merely its sensual or constructive properties. This finding lies in the disputation between religious realism and non-realism. The results of this research are (1) every believer is exactly a realist because he or she has the ontological commitment to the object of the utterance, but (2) God exists independently from human thought and consciousness, (3) it is possible to put God as the object of intentional and semantic but only represents sensible qualities of the real object, and (4) the meaning of religious language depends on believer's ontological commitment on God's existence.

Ideologically, Disney animation cartoon films do not just represent pedagogical values in the traditional family culture, but also have conflicts between pedagogical values in general traditional family and Disney’s natural characteristic as a big corporation that lives in the capital industry. We can see these conflicts clearly in a few Disney’s box office films. “The Lion King” film shows a deep relation in nonsocial democracy, authority naturalization, hierarchy, unbalanced structure, and full of patriarchy ideology values. “Little Mermaid” film has a strictly unbalanced gender. We can see that from Ariel, one of the characters in this film. Although, she is a pretty and active woman, but she is still on the position where she must obey the romanticism which is dominated by men. “Cinderella” film shows a violence ideology in household, unbalanced gender, and dependency. Disney child animation cartoon film is able to reconstruct a “different world” for children around the world which is not only full of pedagogical values but also full of ideological values such as violence, unclearly values of life, and representation of an artificial world. Keywords: Ideology, Pedagogy, Child, Animation, Cartoon, Film, Disney.

This research aims to get understanding about a definition and a concept of Inong Balee in a political violence in Aceh; secondly, to get an evidence of gender paradox in the Inong Balee’s role and existence in Aceh; thirdly, to criticize the concept of Inong Balee’s gender paradox from Ethical Feminism viewpoint; fourthly, all of them are formulated as a recommendation for a resolution of the political violence in Aceh. The result of this research is the Inong Balee is a general term to show ‘a widow’, so that the Inong Balee is not a woman group’s name of National Liberation Front of Aceh. The role of Inong Balee as mother bearing and educating children in a domestic region can make a balance with their role as a family head who must struggle in a public region to replace their husband. According to Ethical Feminism, values developed by Inong Balee actually represent the feminine values like patience, mildness, and peacefulness. Keywords: Inong Balee, gender paradox, feminism.