Sonia Bloomfield

Nowadays, football goalkeepers play an important role in the team's organization, namely, considering the offensive and defensive processes. The purpose of our investigation focuses on the notational and T-pattern analysis of the offensive and defensive actions of elite young football GKs. The participating GKs presented 8 years of experience in the specific position, were internationally selected for the national team of Portugal, and competed in the national U-17 championship of Portugal. Thirty football matches were observed. The observational sample consisted of defensive actions and offensive actions. Two observational instruments were used to codify the actions: the observation system of defensive technical-tactical actions of GKs and the observation system of offensive technical-tactical actions of GKs. Both instruments underwent a validation process, and inter- and intra-observer reliability was tested. The codification of the actions was performed with the LINCE program, and later the data were exported to Microsoft Excel and THEME 5.0. The notational data were analyzed in SPSS, and T-pattern detection analysis was performed in THEME 5.0. The predominant actions of young observed GKs were fundamentally goal defense and participation in the team's offensive process construction through actions performed with the foot and hand. The analysis of T-patterns allowed to identify T-pattern actions in the defensive actions of goal defense and exit of the goal, as well as related to the defensive set pieces. In the offensive process, the analysis of T-patterns reinforced the participation of the GK in the team's first phase of construction and in the execution of goal kicks and actions that start as a result of the actions of the opponent. The GK's defensive actions are mostly focused on the objective of goal defense and offensive actions with the hands and feet are important for their participation in positional attack construction. Our study contributes to a better knowledge of the GK's actions in the competition and is relevant to be considered by the specific position coaches in the training process organization.

Background AI-based facial technologies are increasingly explored in medicine and healthcare for purposes ranging from diagnosis and monitoring to identification. While ethical debates on AI-in-health are well developed, the specific social and ethical implications of facial AI in medical and healthcare contexts remain fragmented. Methods We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines to map the social and ethical implications of AI-based facial technologies reported in the literature and to examine how these implications are framed across disciplinary domains. Searches of PubMed and Web of Science up to 9 October 2025 identified 43 peer-reviewed articles that met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a standardised template and synthesised through content analysis. Results Most articles were published after 2020 and were empirical in nature. The most frequently discussed issues concerned safety, clinical risk, privacy, surveillance, data governance, autonomy, and consent. These concerns largely align with established AI-in-health ethics and mainstream bioethical frameworks. Substantive engagements with social justice, stigma, appearance norms, and patient and public perspectives were less prominent. Ethical framings varied across disciplinary domains, with technical and clinical fields tending to adopt instrumental approaches, while bioethics, legal studies, and social sciences more often addressed broader sociopolitical implications. Conclusion The literature on AI-based facial technologies in medicine and healthcare largely reproduces generic AI-in-health ethical concerns, while under-analysing face-specific moral stakes linked to identity, visibility, stigma, and vulnerability. Addressing these gaps requires more context-sensitive interdisciplinary ethical approaches that integrate justice broadly conceived and incorporate patients and public perspectives into ethical governance.

In the year 2016, fourteen books regarding utopia were published in the United Kingdom, while none was published in Ireland. Taking the year 2017 into consideration, four titles have been published in the United Kingdom, while none has been published in Ireland so far as well. With this review I aim to see how influential utopia has been as a subject in the United Kingdom and Ireland and how significant the number of publications has been. From what I could see in my research, the most active publisher regarding utopian studies has been Routledge, having published seven of the previously mentioned eighteen U.K. titles. The other titles are dispersed throughout other publishers such as, for example, Cambridge...