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1059Is Rawls' Theory of Justice Biased by Methodological Nationalism?Dianoia: Rivista di filosofia 2 (33): 245-259. 2021.Methodological nationalism assumes that, to understand a phenomenon, nation- states are the relevant units of analysis. This assumption has been recognized as a source of bias in most of the social sciences. Does it bias Rawls' understanding of justice, too? This paper argues that it does for at least two reasons. Firstly, what Rawls thinks justice requires on a global scale falls short of what states and international organisations actually do. Secondly, framing the difference principle in nati…Read more
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902“Care drain”. Explaining bias in theorizing women’s migrationRomanian Journal of Society and Politics 11 (2): 7-24. 2016.Migrant women are often stereotyped. Some scholars associate the feminization of migration with domestic work and criticize the “care drain” as a new form of imperialism that the First World imposes on the Third World. However, migrant women employed as domestic workers in Northern America and Europe represent only 2% of migrant women worldwide and cannot be seen as characterizing the “feminization of migration”. Why are migrant domestic workers overestimated? This paper explores two possible so…Read more
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781How neo-Marxism creates bias in gender and migration research: evidence from the PhilippinesEthnic and Racial Studies 15 (41): 2790-2808. 2018.he paper analyses migration flows from the Philippines in two gendered occupations: domestic helpers and computer programmers. The international division of labour theory claims that foreign investment determines migration from developing countries, especially of women, towards low-skilled gendered occupations in developed countries. This paper shows that the division of labour is neither gendered nor international in the predicted sense. For instance, data from Philippines Overseas Employment A…Read more
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627From 'Brain Drain' to 'Care Drain': Women's Labor Migration and Methodological SexismWomen's Studies International Forum 47 203-212. 2014.The metaphor of “care drain” has been created as a womanly parallel to the “brain drain” idea. Just as “brain drain” suggests that the skilled migrants are an economic loss for the sending country, “care drain” describes the migrant women hired as care workers as a loss of care for their children left behind. This paper criticizes the construction of migrant women as “care drain” for three reasons: 1) it is built on sexist stereotypes, 2) it misrepresents and devalues care work, and 3) it misses…Read more
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578Qu'est-ce que le nationalisme methodologique? Essai de typologieRaisons Politiques 54 (2): 9-22. 2014.This article argues that there are at least three different versions of methodological nationalism: state-centrism (unjustified supremacy granted to the nation-state), territorialism (understanding space as divided in territories), and groupism (equating society with the nation-state’s society). If these three versions are logically distinct, as it will be shown, the typology can serve as a tool to weight the influence of methodological nationalism in the social sciences. The paper has three sec…Read more
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545Migration qualifiée, développement et égalité des chances. Une critique de la taxe BhagwatiRevue de Philosophie Économique 13 (2): 63-91. 2012.Au regard du vieux débat sur la « fuite des cerveaux », le devoir de promouvoir le développement des pays pauvres semblait incompatible avec le droit humain à l’émigration. A l’encontre de cette idée, Jagdish Bhagwati a proposé dans les années 70 une mesure qui permettait au personnel qualifié de quitter les pays pauvres, tout en taxant leur revenu au bénéfice de leurs pays d’origine. Cet article discute (et rejette) trois justifications possibles de la taxe Bhagwati. Il conclut qu’une telle mes…Read more
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538Migration and Equality: Should Citizenship Levy Be a Tax or a Fine?Les ateliers de l'éthique/The Ethics Forum 7 (2): 34-49. 2012.It is often argued that development aid can and should compensate the restrictions on migration. Such compensation, Shachar has recently argued, should be levied as a tax on citizenship to further the global equality of opportunity. Since citizenship is essentially a ‘birthright lottery’, that is, a way of legalizing privileges obtained by birth, it would be fair to compensate the resulting gap in opportunities available to children born in rich versus poor countries by a ‘birthright privilege l…Read more
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538Des visas, pas de l'aide! de la migration comme substitut de l'aide au développementÉthique Publique. Revue Internationale D’Éthique Sociétale Et Gouvernementale 15 (2): 77-98. 2013.If migration is more effective than aid for fighting poverty, should it replace aid? Not always. This article proposes a criterion that may be used to distinguish between cases where migration should serve as a substitute for development assistance and cases where it should supplement such aid. According to this criterion, development agendas are poverty-efficient when they lift the largest possible number of people out of poverty. Therefore, to be poverty-efficient, development agendas should a…Read more
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531Are rawlsians entitled to monopoly rights?In Axel Gosseries, Alain Marciano & Alain Strowel (eds.), Intellectual Property and Theories of Justice, Basingstoke & N.y.: Palgrave Mcmillan. 2008.Are intellectual property rights for talented people justified by Rawls’ criteria of justice? In this paper, I argue that Rawls’ theory of justice is ill-equipped to answer this question. Tailored for rival goods and, as a result, centred on the distribution of benefits, it tends to restate questions of justice about unequal rights as questions about economic inequalities. Therefore, it lacks the tools necessary to distinguish among different forms of incentives for talented people. Once social …Read more
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511Skilled Migration: Who should pay for what?Diversities 14 (1): 8-23. 2012.Brain drain critiques and human rights advocates have conflicting views on emigration. From a brain drain perspective, the emigration harms a country when emigrants are skilled and the source country is poor. From the human rights perspective, the right "to leave any country, including one's own" is a fundamental right, protected for all, whatever their skills. Is the concern with poverty and social justice at odds with the right to emigrate? At the beginning of the l970s, the economist Jagdish…Read more
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496L'ethique du debat sur la fuite des cerveauxRevue Européenne des Migrations Internationales 25 (1): 119-135. 2009.This article is devoted to analysing the ethical commitments underlying research methodology on “brain drain” and leading participants in the public debate to deny the human right of emigration for skilled persons. Here, we identify five such commitments : to consequentialism, prioritarianism and nationalism, we add sedentarism and elitism. Based on this analysis, we argue that even though the emigration of the most talented would be a loss for the country of origin, this loss is not sufficient …Read more
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473From birthright citizenship to open borders? Some doubtsEthical Perspectives 21 (4): 608-614. 2014.This paper argues that by overestimating the importance of citizenship rights, the ethics of immigration turns away from the more serious problem of closed borders. Precisely, this contribution is a threefold critique of Carens’ idea that "justice requires that democratic states grant citizenship at birth to the descendants of settled immigrants" (Carens, 2013: 20). Firstly, I argue that by making 'justice' dependent on states and their attributes (birthright citizenship), this idea strengthens …Read more
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450De quelle origine êtes-vous? Banalisation du nationalisme méthodologiqueTerrains/ Théories 3. 2015.The high frequency that the question “where are you from” gets asked in ordinary conversation, as well as the insistence on getting private information from people one hardly knows, reveal an interesting phenomenon: an exceptional reversing of the codes of politeness, where indiscretion becomes the rule while efforts to avoid it become impolite acts. In order to explain this phenomenon, this article compares the hypothesis of racial micro-aggression defended by the existing literature and suppor…Read more
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383The ethics of immigration: How biased is the field?Migration Studies 11 (1): 1-22. 2023.Methodological nationalism is the assumption that nation-states are the relevant units for analyzing social phenomena. Most of the social sciences recognized it as a source of bias, but not the ethics of immigration. Is this field biased by methodological nationalism—and if so, to what extent? This article takes nationalism as an implicit bias and provides a method to assess its depth. The method consists in comparing principles that ethicists commonly discuss when immigration is not at stake w…Read more
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379Politiques d'irrégularisation par le travail: le cas de la FranceIn Speranta Dumitru & Caroline Caplan (eds.), Politiques d'irrégularisation par le travail: le cas de la France, Éditions Thémis. pp. 267-289. 2017.Dans l’opinion publique, la migration « irrégulière » est associée à l’entrée et au séjour non autorisés. Un nombre croissant d’études indiquent toutefois qu’elle résulte de la production de catégories légales de séjour autorisé. Le présent chapitre enrichit cette littérature, en montrant comment la construction de la catégorie légale de travail autorisé est productrice d’immigration « irrégulière ». En effet, la multiplication des conditions d’accès à l’autorisation de travail a pour effet de p…Read more
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356Existe-t-il une féminisation de la migration internationale ? Féminisation de la migration qualifiée et invisibilité des diplômesHommes Et Migrations 1311 (3): 31-41. 2015.La « féminisation de la migration internationale » constitue la nouvelle formule magique de nombreuses études migratoires. Or, depuis un demi-siècle, la part des femmes dans la migration internationale n’a pas vraiment augmenté. En revanche, les femmes représentent aujourd’hui plus de la moitié des migrants diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur dans les pays de l’OCDE. Pourtant, cette féminisation de la migration qualifiée est moins souvent discutée. Comme si les diplômes des femmes migrantes dev…Read more
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344Consentement présumé, famille et équité dans le don d'organesRevue de Métaphysique et de Morale 67 (3): 341-354. 2010.Cet article propose une évaluation éthique des institutions qui organisent la transplantation avec donneurs décédés, au travers du rôle qu’elles accordent à la famille survivante. Son objectif est double. Il s’agit, premièrement, de montrer que la famille possède un pouvoir de décision considérable en matière de prélèvement posthume bien que les législations soient habituellement décrites comme fondées sur le consentement ou l’opposition des personnes concernées. Deuxièmement, il s’agit de montr…Read more
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338Les sans-papiers et leurs droits d'avoir des droits: une approche par l'éthique de la discussionRaisons Politiques 26 (2): 125-147. 2007.The aim of this article is to show that refusing to legalize the status of undocumented immigrants who have been long-term residents is a serious violation of human rights. The "right to have rights" a term coined by Hannah Arendt and developed by Sheila Benhabib  should be construed first and foremost as the right to a legal existence. We take issue with consequentialists who warn that legalizing the status of undocumented aliens will encourage further undesirable immigration, for withholdi…Read more
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332Emigración, talentos y justicia: un argumento feminista sobre la fuga de cerebrosIsonomía. Revista de Teoría y Filosofía Del Derecho 30 31-52. 2009.Este artículo analiza los compromisos éticos que implica la metodología de la investigación sobre la “fuga de cerebros” y que conducen a los que participan en el debate público a cuestionar el derecho a la emigración de personas calificadas. Se identifican cinco presupuestos de este debate : el consecuencialismo, el prioritarismo y el nacionalismo, así como lo que llamamos “sedentarismo” y elitismo. Este análisis muestra que, si bien la emigración de talentos representa una pérdida para el país …Read more
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299Politiques d'irrégularisation par le travail: le cas de la France (edited book)Éditions Thémis. 2017.Dans l'opinion publique, la migration « irrégulière » est associée à l'entrée et au séjour non autorisés. Un nombre croissant d'études indiquent toutefois qu'elle résulte de la production de catégories légales de séjour autorisé. Le présent chapitre enrichit cette littérature, en montrant comment la construction de la catégorie légale de travail autorisé est productrice d'immigration « irrégulière ». En effet, la multiplication des conditions d'accès à l'autorisation de travail a pour effet de p…Read more
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281Un monde sans passeports serait-il utopique?In Hélène Thiollet (ed.), Migrants, migrations, Armand Collin. pp. 59-91. 2016.« Utopique » se dit d’un projet irréalisable, qui ne saurait exister. Or, un monde où les passeports n’étaient pas obligatoires pour traverser une frontière a bel et bien existé : c’est celui d’avant la Première Guerre Mondiale. Cet article résume l'histoire des efforts pour abolir le régime des passeports obligatoires après la Première Guerre Mondiale.
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277La raison publique : une conception politique et non épistémologique?Archives de Philosophie du Droit 49 159-170. 2005.Les derniers écrits de John Rawls sont marqués à la fois par la reconnaissance du « fait du pluralisme » et par la défense d’une conception « politique » de justifica-tion publique, indépendante de considérations métaphysiques et épistémiques. Le but de cet article est de montrer que l’abstinence épistémique n’est ni une façon d’assurer le respect mutuel des citoyens, ni un moyen de diminuer le désaccord dans une société pluraliste. Faire de son mieux dans l’observance des normes épistémiques de…Read more
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261The ethics of immigration: How biased is the field?Migration Sudies 11 (1): 1-22. 2023.Methodological nationalism is the assumption that nation-states are the relevant units for analyzing social phenomena. Most of the social sciences recognized it as a source of bias, but not the ethics of immigration. Is this field biased by methodological nationalism—and if so, to what extent? This article takes nationalism as an implicit bias and provides a method to assess its depth. The method consists in comparing principles that ethicists commonly discuss when immigration is not at stake w…Read more
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256Féminisation de la migration qualifiée: les raisons d'une invisibilitéHommes and Migrations 2 (1317-1318): 146-153. 2017.En 2010, les femmes constituaient la majorité des migrants qualifiés présents dans 20 pays membres de l’OCDE. Comment expliquer l’absence d’intérêt pour le phénomène de « féminisation de la migration qualifiée » que ces statistiques permettent d’observer ? À l’inverse, comment comprendre l’engouement pour l’expression « féminisation de la migration » (tout court) alors que les données ne la confirment pas ? Pour répondre à ces questions, cet article analyse les usages de l’expression « féminisat…Read more
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202L’abolition des passeports : une revendication de gauche ou de droite ?Hommes and Migrations 2 (1341): 168-176. 2023.This paper analyses the demands for abolishing passports after WWI. The international regime of obligatory passports, as it exists today, is a legacy of the Great War. After the Armistice, two Passport Conferences organized by the League of Nations considered its abolition. Before the second conference, a resolution of the Sixth Assembly of the League of Nations stated that "public opinion is certainly waiting for at least one step towards the most generalized abolition of the passport system …Read more
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34Equal Minds behind the Veil of IgnoranceThe Proceedings of the Twenty-First World Congress of Philosophy 1 127-135. 2007.Rawls' original position is a thought experiment by which we are asked to imagine ourselves as rational agents choosing the principles of justice under specific informational and motivational constraints. In this paper, I am concerned only with the informational constraints and I shall argue that the way Rawls designed them reveals an implausible conception of mind and knowledge. This conception, of a mind separable from knowledge, as well as one of its correlates which I will call epistemic ega…Read more
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31Abolir les passeports ? Les gouvernements contre l’opinionCahiers D'Histoire 158 113-129. 2023.The international system of obligatory passports, as it exists today, was established at the beginning of the First World War. After the Armistice, the League of Nations tried to abolish it, but several governments delayed it. This article analyzes how the French press of the interwar period called for the abolition of passports. Seen as a "vexation", the passport was deemed "useless" after the war. So why wasn’t it abolished? Among the reasons for maintaining passports, we explore the hypothesi…Read more
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Université Paris DescartesAssociate Professor
Paris, France
Areas of Specialization
Applied Ethics |
Social and Political Philosophy |
Other Academic Areas |
Areas of Interest
Applied Ethics |
Social and Political Philosophy |
Other Academic Areas |