• Two established facts — (1) that gauge fields are principal fiber bundles (Wu and Yang, 1976; Hasani, 2005) and (2) that electric charge is quantized (empirical) jointly single out exactly one fiber bundle for all forces. We prove that this bundle is the universal complex Hopf fibration $S^1 \to S^\infty \to \mathbb{CP}^\infty$, and that the Standard Model gauge group $[SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1)]/\mathbb{Z}_6$, Einstein–Cartan gravitation through Chern–Simons torsion, exactly three fermi…Read more