Knowledge, understood as useful or actionable understanding, is formalized in epistemological constructs or conceptual systems (theories, models, strategic plans, policy models, sets of hypotheses, etc.). Choosing which conceptual system might be most useful in practical application has been problematic. An explosion of available data in the 21st century has not significantly improved the effectiveness of our national policies or the practice of psychology (or anything in between). My research is focused on understanding the "structure" of knowledge. There, I have developed methods for evaluating structure that are rigorous and reasonably obj…

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