Sujin Kim

This study explores how advertising practitioners incorporate Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) across the five stages of creative processes and how they navigate the ethical challenges that emerge. Drawing on in-depth interviews with agency and freelance professionals, the findings map GAI’s evolving roles onto a stage-based creative framework and identify the distinct tensions that arise at each phase. Beyond these task-level dilemmas, practitioners construed GAI ethics narrowly as minimal compliance, often delegating responsibility to others as efficiency norms and technological awe overshadowed concerns about data governance, bias, and labor. The study contributes a stage-specific framework of GAI-assisted creativity, clarifies how ethical responsibility is constructed within human-GAI collaboration, and offers actionable guidance.

Many innate immune response proteins recognize foreign nucleic acids from invading pathogens to initiate antiviral signaling. These proteins mostly rely on structural characteristics of the nucleic acids rather than their specific sequences to distinguish self and nonself. One feature utilized by RNA sensors is the extended stretch of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) base pairs. However, the criteria for recognizing nonself dsRNAs are rather lenient, and hairpin structure of self‐RNAs can also trigger an immune response. Consequently, aberrant activation of RNA sensors has been reported in numerous human diseases. Yet, in most cases, the activating antigens remain unknown. Recent studies have developed sequencing techniques tailored to specifically capture dsRNAs and identified that various noncoding elements in the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome can generate dsRNAs. Here, the identity of endogenous dsRNAs, their recognition by dsRNA sensors, and their implications in the pathogenesis of human diseases ranging from inflammatory to degenerative are presented.