The concepts of explaining and understanding have a special relationship with one another. The former is usually associated with notions such as knowledge and truth, while the latter is linked to meaning and context. The natural sciences are mostly called the explanatory sciences – they use explanations – whereas the humanities, which make particular use of the method of hermeneutics, are considered the understanding sciences. The debate about the mutual relationship between explaining and under…
Read moreThe concepts of explaining and understanding have a special relationship with one another. The former is usually associated with notions such as knowledge and truth, while the latter is linked to meaning and context. The natural sciences are mostly called the explanatory sciences – they use explanations – whereas the humanities, which make particular use of the method of hermeneutics, are considered the understanding sciences. The debate about the mutual relationship between explaining and understanding is old, and depending on one’s own preference, one or the other concept is given priority. There are also attempts to unite both. Karl-Otto Apel, for example, tried to demonstrate the mutual dependence of the two disciplines in his transcendental-pragmatic reformulation of the problem.
Nevertheless, the approaches of an explanation and of hermeneutic understanding remain different, and the distinction between the two methods is unmistakable. Explanation aims at truth by producing verifiable, true statements about the world using verifiable methods. These statements become knowledge, which has a crucial advantage: one does not even need to master the methods that led to its acquisition in order to add the respective statement to one’s own store of knowledge and make fruitful use of it. Understanding, by contrast, focuses on the conditions under which knowledge is gained: Why is a statement considered true? In contrast to the acquisition of knowledge, understanding is a lengthy process of gaining insight into certain tacit assumptions or conceptions that, in this respect, are comparable to believing in a particular order of the world.
Against this background, it is hardly surprising that in Western history knowledge – and thus explanations – has been given precedence over understanding. This is evident, for instance, in the rapidly increasing success of the explanatory sciences since Descartes, which reached its preliminary peak with the groundbreaking insights delivered by the natural sciences since the mid-19th century.
This plea is about understanding.