Tolgahan Toy

Bartın University
  •  6
    Çevre-Merkez Modeli Üzerine Bir İnceleme
    Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy 10 (1): 70-79. 2023.
    Mantıkçı pozitivizm, inançlarımızı olgusal olanlar ve seçtiğimiz dile dair olanlar olmak üzere iki gruba ayırmaktadır. Sayı sistemleri, fizikalist bir dil, vs. dünya üzerine konuşabilmek için seçtiğimiz dillerdir. Bu diller aracılığı ile olguları, dış dünyayı ifade etmekteyiz. Olgulara dair yargılarımız sentetik olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Mantıkçı pozitivistler, seçtiğimiz dillerle ilgili olan önermeleri ise analitik olarak sınıflandırmaktadırlar. W.V.O. Quine, bu ayrımın temelsiz olduğunu id…Read more
  •  64
    W. V. Quine suggests that meaning derives from the stimulus, the effects of the outside world on the subject’s nerve endings. However, the idiosyncrasy of the stimulus poses challenges to the intersubjectivity of meaning. Gary Kemp proposes the stimulus field approach as a solution. The stimulus field approach focuses on the forces affecting the subject, rather than the effects on the subject. In this article, I critique Kemp’s solution. Furthermore, I argue that the Quinean approach can be refi…Read more
  •  45
    In his development of an ontology for mathematics in line with Fregean abstractionism, Øystein Linnebo proposes criteria of identity as a mechanism for reference. This proposed mechanism appears to conflict with Saul Kripke's historical theory of names. However, Linnebo, distinguishing between semantic and metasemantic domains, asserts that no real conflict exists; while Kripke's theory is semantic, his is metasemantic. This paper posits a counter-argument, contending that Linnebo's account, con…Read more
  •  581
    A Holistic Defense of Veritic Epistemic Consequentialism
    Teorema: International Journal of Philosophy 43 (2): 77-92. 2024.
    This paper offers a defense of veritic epistemic consequentialism, addressing its principal critiques. I argue that the core of epistemological value lies in its conduciveness to truth, rendering true beliefs intrinsically valuable. In response to the criticism that this approach may sacrifice individual truths for a greater aggregate and undervalues autonomous inquiry, I emphasize the well-connectedness of beliefs. Each belief's content is a proposition. Propositions are classified as first-ord…Read more
  •  114
    This paper explores a unified approach to linguistic reference and the nature of objects, addressing both abstract and concrete entities. We propose a method of redefining ultra-thin objects through a modified abstraction principle, which involves two distinct computations: subsemantic computation processes direct physical input, while semantic computation derives the semantic values of a sentence from the meanings of its constituents. These computations take different inputs—one physical and on…Read more
  •  114
    Transparency in AI
    AI and Society 39 (6): 2841-2851. 2024.
    In contemporary artificial intelligence, the challenge is making intricate connectionist systems—comprising millions of parameters—more comprehensible, defensible, and rationally grounded. Two prevailing methodologies address this complexity. The inaugural approach amalgamates symbolic methodologies with connectionist paradigms, culminating in a hybrid system. This strategy systematizes extensive parameters within a limited framework of formal, symbolic rules. Conversely, the latter strategy rem…Read more
  •  71
    Bileşimsellik İlkesinin Önemsizliği Üzerine
    Felsefe Arkivi 58 23-37. 2023.
    Anlambilimsel bileşimsellik ilkesi, herhangi bir ifadenin anlamının o ifadenin parçalarının anlamlarının bir fonksiyonu olduğunu bildirmektedir. İlke Gottlob Frege’nin dilsel anlamı fonksiyon argüman uygulaması olarak ele alan çalışmalarına dayanmaktadır. Bileşimselliğin, Richard Montague ile birlikte biçimsel anlambilim içerisinde merkezi bir rol aldığı görülmektedir. Bileşimsellik ilkesi, dilsel yapı ve anlamsal yapı arasında homomorfik bir ilişki bulunduğunu bildirmektedir. İlkenin savunucula…Read more
  •  178
    A Defense of Meaning Eliminativism: A Connectionist Approach
    Dissertation, Middle East Technical University. 2022.
    The standard approach to model how human beings understand natural languages is the symbolic, compositional approach according to which the meaning of a complex expression is a function of the meanings of its constituents. In other words, meaning plays a fundamental role in the model. In this work, because of the polysemous, flexible, dynamic, and contextual structure of natural languages, this approach is rejected. Instead, a connectionist model which eliminates the concept of meaning is propos…Read more